Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Geography > HHRI! > Flashcards

HHRI! Flashcards

1
Q

Development acronyms:

A 
GDP
GNI
HDI
HPI
EW
EF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does HPI stand for?

A

Happy Planet Index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are GDP and GNI?

A

Economic indicators expressed in per capita terms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who was a key advocate of development focusing on health, life expectancy and human rights?

A

Hans Rosling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Positives of education:

A

Better job with higher wages
Standing up for human rights
Increases life expectancy
Prevents illiteracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

UNESCO aims:

A

Every child gets access to quality education
Peace and security by promoting international collaboration
Promotes cultural diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does UNESCO stand for?

A

United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are seen by some as more significant goals for development?

A

Improvements in health, life expectancy, education and human rights
BUT economic growth is seen as best means of delivering them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which continent has the lowest life expectancy?

A

Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Reliable indicators of health in the developing world:

A

Life expectancy
Number of doctors per 100,000 people
% of population with access to essential drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Differences in healthcare:

A

Some countries have free national health services funded by tax
Some countries have private healthcare
Different countries spend more on healthcare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does deprivation mean?

A

A situation of poor diet, poor housing and poor healthcare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some factors lowering aboriginal life expectancy?

A

Discrimination
Low education levels
Poor housing
High unemployment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which group of people in Australia has the lowest life expectancy?

A

Aboriginals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can explain large variations in health and life expectancy in the developing world?

A

Different access to basic needs eg. Food, water supply and sanitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can explain variations in health and life expectancy in the developed world?

A

Differences in lifestyles, levels of deprivation and the availability, cost and effectiveness of medical care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Factors causing variation in LE:

A 
Ethnicity
Poverty and deprivation
Lifestyle
Socio-economic status
Access to healthcare
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Types of government:

A 
Left wing (socialists)
Right wing (capitalists)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What drives human development in most countries by providing capital and human resources?

A

Economic development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Three main IGOs:

A

WTO
IMF
WB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

World Trade Organisation:

A

Reduces barriers to trade
Reduces tariffs
Eliminates quotas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How large was the loan that Britain accepted from the IMF in 1976?

A

$3.9bn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which nation does the IMF promote as its most successful SAP in Africa?

A

Ghana

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Examples of nations classified as Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs)?

A

Senegal
Ethiopia
Afghanistan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The IMF:
Promotes global economic stability Encourages developing countries to accept FDI Promotes a capitalist model
26
The World Bank:
Lends money to the developing world Sometimes criticised for priorities economic development over social Helps develop connections with global economy
27
Main aims of the Bretton Woods institutions:
Free trade Economic development Increase FDI Provide capital to developing economies
28
Which convention protects the rights of prisoners of war?
Geneva Convention
29
Which country was banned by the IOC from the 2018 Olympics in an example of a sanction?
Russia
30
The United Nations:
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change UN High Commissioner for Refugees International Court of Justice UN Security Council
31
The UN aims to protect human rights by adopting what principals?
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
32
How many MDGs are there?
8
33
What is the aim of the MDGs?
To fight poverty and combat a range of issues hampering human development
34
What is the second worst world region for development problems?
Oceania
35
Disadvantages that mean people left behind in development:
``` Sex Age Ethnicity Geographical location Disability ```
36
What do the SDGs and broader sustainability agenda address?
The root causes of puberty and the universal need for a style of development that works for all people
37
What does SDG stand for?
Sustainable Development Goals
38
What was the overall goal of the MDGs?
Reducing the development gap between the poorest and richest countries
39
Focus areas of the UNDP:
Sustainable development Climate and disaster resilience Democratic governance and peace building
40
Human rights:
Give moral principles for behaviour Are inherent in all human beings Are universal Are egalitarian
41
The legality of the UDHR:
It is not legally binding A declaration not a treaty Violations of the UDHR have been used to justify a number of military interventions
42
Examples of countries who abstained from the UDHR when it was agreed in 1948?
Saudi Arabia South Africa Soviet Union
43
What forms a basis in international law for prosecuting individuals and organisations who commit war crimes?
The Geneva Convention
44
The Geneva Convention:
For war crimes Held by 196 countries Over 150 countries still torture people
45
What was included in the 30 universal rights of the UDHR?
Freedom of speech and movement Education Justice Banning of torture
46
Freedom House’s countries:
‘Free’ : open political competition and respect for civil liberties ‘Partly free’ : some restrictions on politics and civil liberties ‘Not free’ : political rights and liberties are either absent or violated
47
Political corruption:
Election rigging Businesses or rich individuals dictate government policy Diverting foreign aid
48
What is the CPI?
The Corruption Perceptions Index
49
Human rights issues in India:
Violence against Muslims Caste-based discrimination Sexual abuse and violence against women
50
What is true for many post colonial countries?
Indigenous people often left out Colonial borders cut across traditional ethnic borders Some ethnic groups had few rights
51
In the governments of post-colonial countries, who were often excluded?
Indigenous people
52
Threats to Indigenous Americans:
High suicide rates Oil extraction Mining Agro-industrial projects
53
Which population in America have the highest suicide rate?
Indigenous Americans
54
What were women banned from doing in Afghanistan by the Taliban?
Showing skin in public Leaving house without a male chaperone Working Going to school
55
What kind of law did the Taliban reinterpret and enforce in their own way?
Sharia law
56
What percentage of the population of Australia are Aboriginal?
2%
57
Immigration in Australia:
Immigration into the country is carefully controlled Refugees and asylum seekers are held on offshore islands Over 40% of Australians originate from countries that are not the UK or Ireland
58
Bolivian ethnicity:
10% are of indigenous origin 60% are white 30% are mestizo
59
How many different ethnic groups are there in Bolivia?
35
60
Treatment of aboriginal people:
Poor access to healthcare Poor access to education They face discrimination
61
What is the target set by the OECD for bilateral aid as a percentage of GNI?
0.7%
62
Forms of ODA:
Loans of money that attract interest and require repayment | Technical assistance through the transfer of expertise, technology and education
63
Mutual benefit interventions:
Strengthening security and stability Promoting international trade Encouraging inward investment of FDI Producing military aid and support
64
What does ODA stand for?
Official Development Assistance
65
What is the Doha Development Agenda aimed at?
Lowering trade barriers
66
What is the ASEAN?
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
67
What are NGOs?
Charities that are not subject to government intervention eg. Amnesty International (primarily concerned with human rights)
68
Examples of IGOs:
World Trade Organisation International Monetary Fund World Bank
69
What was HRW first named?
Helsinki Watch
70
What does HRW do?
Challenges non-compliant governments Has direct conversations with policy makers Monitors violations of the UDHR
71
Human rights variables:
Democratic elections Freedom of speech Gender equality Programmes for refugees
72
Why did Teresa May say she approved strikes in Syria without UN approval?
UN were too slow
73
What are failed states?
Countries whose governments have lost political control | No longer able to fulfil basic responsibilities of a sovereign state
74
Fighting terrorist organisations methods:
Surveillance Intelligence gathering Torture (abuses human rights under UDHR)
75
Examples of military aid:
UK to Kenya UK to Saudi Arabia US to Pakistan
76
What is banned under the UDHR but has sometimes been used to interrogate suspected terrorists?
Torture
77
How many people are thought to have fled Syria in recent years?
4 million
78
Costs of military intervention:
Cities destroyed Huge numbers of deaths Lots of refugees
79
What is an issue not covered by military interventions?
Greater care of the environment
80
When did Côte d’Ivoire gain independence from France?
1960
81
How many deaths did the war in Afghanistan cause?
150,000
82
What organisation emerged in the aftermath of the chaos following the Iraqi and Afghanistan conflicts?
IS (Daesh)
83
What were the UN peacekeeping force sent to do in Côte d’Ivoire ?
Protect civilians Bring about disarmament Reintegrate people Protect human rights
84
What charity was founded in the UK to deal with the hunger and starvation that existed during WW2?
Oxfam
85
Ways that development aid can vary:
Scale Financially Timescale Mix of aid providers
86
How much money was donated from 1990-2009 to Haiti by the USA, Canada and the EU?
Over US$5 billion
87
Emergency aid after Haiti 2010 earthquake:
0.5mil people still live in temp shelters Aid and emergency help was poorly organised Corruption soaked up large sums of money IGOs and NGOs got in each other’s way and competed on the ground
88
How much aid money was sent to Haiti after the 2010 earthquake?
US$12billion
89
How many people were living in extreme poverty in 2015?
836 million
90
Examples of physical malaria eradication techniques:
Draining swamps Spraying swamps with DDT Distributing mosquito nets
91
What is the current aid budget of the UK?
Over £12 billion
92
What country receives a lot of the UK’s aid but is an emerging economy?
India
93
Effects of oil production on the Niger Delta:
Environment and human health is threatened by pollution of air water and farmland by many unattended oil spills as well as gas flares and frequenct fires
94
Losses for local people from oil industry in Niger Delta:
Traditional ways of life Fishing Farming
95
What is land grabbing?
The illegal acquisition of large areas of land in developing countries by TNCs, governments and wealthy individuals
96
What level has aid more recently been directed at?
Grass roots
97
Unsuccessful aid:
Inappropriate forms of aid Syphoning of funds because of corruption Lack of good governance Civil and political unrest
98
Response to Ebola:
NGOs: eg. Medicins Sans Frontieres | UN
99
Ebola aid:
Establishing new medical centres Providing medical supplies Education programmes Ensuring safe burials
100
When was West Africa declared Ebola free?
2016
101
What has bottom up aid done for less well off people?
Improved access to primary education, sanitation and healthcare
102
What kind of aid has been said to increase economic polarisation?
Top-down
103
How do superpowers use aid to benefit themselves?
As a way to extend their foreign policies and gain influence, often with strings attached

Human Geography (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions