DIVERSE PLACES! Flashcards
what have rural areas experienced?
more old people moving in
population decline
out migration since deindustrialisation
what is the total population estimate of the UK for 2018?
66.6 mil
population growth by region (UK):
strong growth in the south
some growth in the midlands
minimal growth in the north
ethnicity in rural UK:
more variable than gender
some rural areas have low levels of ethnic diversity
new immigrants usually go to cities
what is the word for the clustering of ethnic groups?
segregation
things that affect segregation:
estate agents
ethnically specific services in some areas
historical prejudice
what has prevented some ethnic groups from gaining high enough incomes to live in some areas?
historical prejudice in the jobs market
what is population growth and decline affected by?
fertility
mortality
migration
what does globalisation allow?
key characteristics/ products of a place to become known to other parts of the world eg. EU products like champagne, parma ham and Melton Mowbray pies
the Windrush Generation controversy:
after WW2 the UK government encourage Caribbean and Indian/Pakistani migration to the UK = the Windrush generation
many of the Windrush generation weren’t given official UK citizenship when they arrived in 1940s and 50s
in 2018 the UK government said that they would be deported even though they and their children have lived there for most of lives
government has now stated that they are entitled to remain in the UK
what is the name for the people that were encourage to migrate to the UK after WW2?
the Windrush generation
an example of a commuter town with good rail links into London:
Sevenoaks
which historic building plays a role in creating an atmosphere in Central London?
St. paul’s cathedral
3 groups who affect the perception of a place:
tourist boards
development agencies
advertising agencies
formal ways of affecting our perception of place:
Data
GIS
government representations
what do formal government representations offer?
rational perspectives of a place profile eg. numbers of people living in a place, their ages, gender and educational qualifications
where is described as the ‘Energy Capital of Europe’?
Aberdeen
what is the local election turnout lower than in most areas?
40%
why are there likely to be more job opportunities in places with attractive images?
companies are attracted there
6 factors that can affect attachment:
gender ethnicity length of residence memories stage of life cycle studentification
an example of an inner-city that is now seen as trendy and ‘hipster’:
London’s South Bank
perception of cities in the Victorian era:
unsanitary: lots of pollution, open sewers
dangerous: crime: prostitution, pickpockets
what caused the perception of cities to be threatening and dangerous in the Victorian era?
pollution
why are inner city areas favoured by students?
they are close to both university and entertainment venues
job opportunities in London by area:
Old Street: media industries
City of London: finance
Westminster: political internships
what we’re the reactions of wealthy Victorians to the perception of cities as unsafe?
avoiding cities
move to suburbs
planning entirely new ‘model’ cities
why are suburban areas often favoured by young families?
schools tend to be better
houses have gardens
out of town retail parks are nearby
who are inner city areas favoured by?
young professionals
different rural places:
very remote (few people) more accessible (popular retirement locations) coastal (popular retirement locations) commuter villages (within 1hour drive of a city)
why are there limited social opportunities for children and young people and a feeling of isolation in rural areas?
because the population is ageing
what are some characteristics that rural places are perceived to have?
historic holdings
cottage style housing
tranquility
picturesque landscapes
quantitative methods for surveying living spaces:
labour force surveys
census data
index of multiple deprivation
qualitative methods for evaluating living spaces:
interviews
postcards
written documents
tv documentaries
who do the north to south post-deindustrialisation internal migrants in the UK tend to be?
young adults
recent immigration to the UK:
A8 migrants since 2004
Poles and Lithuanians
Somalis (East Africa)
average age in different regions of the UK:
London: 34
Scotland, North East and North West: 40-41
South West: 42.9
benefits of migrants:
created economic opportunities
teaches people to be tolerant and kind
boosted population growth
present day situation for ethnic communities:
some have grown wealthier by setting up businesses
2nd and 3rd gen migrants have been UK educated
some have become politicians to give a voice to their communities
conditions for poorer segregated migrants in the UK:
high unemployment
large family size
high rates of illness
can’t speak English yet
cultural stamps:
different places of worship shops selling specific ingredients traditional dress shops festivals authentic restaurants
situation for migrants:
original migrants experienced hostility
still some hostility eg. from EDL
there were 41 MPs from ethnic minorities in 2015
ethnic groups growing wealthier:
setting up businesses
doing managerial jobs
children educated in UK system
how have some people violently resisted regeneration schemes?
rioting
hate crimes between 2011/12 and 2016/17:
111% increase in sexual orientation related hate crime
218% increase in disability related hate crime
299% increase in transgender related hate crime
what is hate crime?
a crime motivated wholly or in part by the victim’s membership (or assumed membership) of a racial group, religious group, sexual orientation, disability or transgender identity
what is “white flight”?
phrase used by some to describe the movement of an existing population from an area due to the overwhelming presence of an incoming ethnic group
features of inner-city property:
often in high demand
private developers will pay lots for it
local residents are not consulted properly
what do those in favour of regeneration schemes argue?
that they will create jobs, improve the urban environment and improve the reputation of the area
who are the EDL?
English Defence League
how many asylum seekers were in Glasgow in 2017?
over 3100
employment and income levels show that:
young educated internal migrants are doing well
some international migrants that are skilled professionals are doing well
service industries have high migrant employment
what does social progress mean?
the collective term for improvements to quality of life, health and welfare
how can assimilation of different cultures be measured?
levels of political engagement through voter turnout
development of local community groups
reductions in hate crime and racism
what is IMD data?
Index of Multiple Deprivation
what is cultural assimilation?
the process whereby the culture of one group gradually begins to resemble that of another group. new immigrant groups slowly become more similar to the society they have moved into
types of stakeholder:
provider stakeholders
user/beneficiary stakeholders
manager stakeholders
influencer stakeholders
what is vested interest?
the interest a stakeholder may have if it’s based on their own personal objectives and perceptions
challenges in rural areas:
housing shortage
excessive tourism
modern infrastructure access
what is a provider stakeholder?
the owners of the land/area being changed and the people who will do the change
categories of stakeholders:
directly affected and indirectly affected by change
what is a key industry in many rural areas?
tourism
17th Century Brick Lane:
popular location for breweries
lots of french huguenots moved in
became well known for weaving and tailoring industries
evidence of migration on Brick Lane:
Huguenot church
Muslim mosque
Jewish synagogue
Methodist chapel
early 20th C migration to Brick Lane:
Irish and Jewish
Spitalfields and Banglatown (2011):
12,578 people
lots aged 20-40
46.1% female
145 people per hectare
what is the dominant religion in the Spitalfields and Banglatown Ward?
Islam
anti-gentrification moves in the Tower Hamlet area:
protests took place in and around Spitalfields in september 2015
series of letters written to Guardian newspaper
activities in Sturton-le-Steeple:
farming on fertile soils and good pasture
tourism for Americans
commuter and retirement community
archeological sites
people in Sturton le Steeple:
commuters
retired people
archaeologists
american tourists
