Superficial Triangles And Cervical Vis

Question 1

________, ___________, and _______ are the superficial muscles of the neck?

Answer 1

Platysma, trapezius, and sternocleidomastoid (SMC)

Question 2

What is the function of the Platysma?

Answer 2

Increases the compartment size of the neck; decreasing venous pressure

Question 3

_______ innervates the Platysma

Answer 3

Cervical branch of the facial nerve (VII)

Question 4

________ innervates the trapezius?

Answer 4

Spinal accessory nerve (XI) with a small cervical contribution from C3-4

Question 5

_______, _____, and ______ are the functions of the SCM?

Answer 5

Unilaterally; rotates head
Bilaterally; flexes head
Posterior fibers; extend head

Question 6

_______ innervates the SMC?

Answer 6

Spinal accessory nerve (XI) and small cervical contributions from C3-4

Question 7

What are the borders of the Posterior (lateral) triangle?

Answer 7

Boarders: Middle 1/3 clavicle, trapezius, and SCM
Roof: platysma, and fascia
Floor: pre-vertebral fascia

Question 8

_____ vein runs through the Posterior (lateral) triangle of the Neck?

Answer 8

External jugular vein

Formed by the conjunction of the posterior auricular and retromandibular v.

Question 9

_____ nerve runs the posterior (lateral) triangle of the neck?

Answer 9

Spinal accessory nerve (XI)
(Enters above the mid pt. Of the SCM and travels diagonally across the levator scapulae; receiving contributions from C3-4

Question 10

What are the 4 superficial branches of the cervical plexus in the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 10

Lesser occipital n (C2-3)
Greater auricular n (C2-3)
Transverse cervical n (C2-3)
Supra clavicle are n. (C3-4)

Question 11

______ are the boundaries of the Anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 11

Apex in chin to the mastoid process, anterior midline of neck, and anterior border of the SCM
Roof: platysma

Question 12

What are the 4 subdivisions of the anterior triangle of the Neck?

Answer 12

Muscular, carotid, submandibular and submental triangles

Question 13

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

Answer 13

Posterior digastric, superior omohyoid, and SCM

Question 14

What structures are within the carotid triangles?

Answer 14

Branches of the carotid system
Internal jugular v.
Ansa cericalis
Cranial Ns. (IX, X, and XII)

Question 15

What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 15

Inferior edge of the mandible, the anterior, posterior digastric
The hyoid bone forms the apex of the triangle

Question 16

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 16

Digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid and hyoglossus

Question 17

What structures are in or related to the submandibular triangle?

Answer 17

Hyoid bone, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, hypoglossal n., lingual n. And a., submandibular ganglion, facial a. And v., marginal mandibular branch of VII, glossopharyngeal n.

Question 18

_______ innervates the anterior digastric m. Of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 18

Mylohoid n.

Question 19

_____ and _____ ms. are innervated by the mylohyoid n. In the submandibular triangle?

Answer 19

Anterior digastric and mylohyoid m

Question 20

_____ and ______ ms. are innervated by VII in the submandibular triangle?

Answer 20

Posterior digastric and stylohyoid ms.

Question 21

______ innervates the genioyoid m. Of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 21

C1

Question 22

______ is innervated by XII in the submandibular triangle?

Answer 22

Hyoglossus

Question 23

_______ duct drains the submandibular Salivary gland?

Answer 23

Submandibular duct ( Wharton' duct) 
It empties into the floor of the mouth at the apex of the sublingual caruncle

Question 24

_____- never spirals around the submandibular duct?

Answer 24

Lingual n.

Question 25

What supplies the submandibular gland?

Answer 25

Branches of the facials a. And drains into tributaries of the facial v. Lymph drains into the deep cervical nodes

Question 26

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular gland?

Answer 26

Parasympathetic: pre-ganglionic fibers from the superior salivatory nucleus exit w/ facial n. Travel through the chorda tympani and join lingual n. Then terminate submandibular ganglion Postganglionic fibers from the submandibular ganglion distribute short branches

Question 27

What is the sympathetic innervation of the submandibular gland?

Answer 27

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers originate in the superior cervical ganglion, and reach the gland by coursing in the external carotid and facial plexuses

Question 28

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

Answer 28

Midline triangle located beneath the apex of the chin, bordered by the anterior digastric muscles and the hyoid bones

Question 29

What are the boundaries of the Muscular Triangle?

Answer 29

Superior omohyoid, SCM, and midline of the neck

Question 30

What structures are included in the muscular triangle?

Answer 30

Infrahyoid muscles: sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid muscles

Question 31

_______ innervates the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 31

First three cervical muscles (C1-3) via the superior root of the ansa cervicalis

Question 32

What is the function of the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 32

Depress the hyoid, larynx, and floor of the the mouth; or stabilize the hyoid and larynx

Question 33

What 5 structures are located in the cervical viscera?

Answer 33

Thyroid gland, parathyroid, trachea, esophagus, and cupula of pleura

Question 34

Relationships of the thyroid gland?

Answer 34

Recurrent laryngeal n (RLN) is located medial to the lobes between the trachea and esophagus; it innervates all ms. Of the larynx except the cricothyroid Small parathyroid glands (2-6) are embedded in the posterior surface of the lobes

Question 35

______, _______, and ______ are the blood supply to the thyroid glands?

Answer 35

Superior thyroid a. (Arising from the common or external carotid) Inferior thyroid a. ( arising from the thyrocervical trunk) Lowest thyroid a. (Arising from the brachiocephalic, aorta, or lf common carotid)

Question 36

What is the drainage of the the thyroid gland?

Answer 36

Superior and middle thyroid vs. which drains into the internal jugular veins Inferior thyroid v. Drains into the brachiocephalic v.

Question 37

_________ artery supplies the parathyroid glands?

Answer 37

Inferior thyroid artery

Question 38

Where is the trachea located?

Answer 38

CV6-TV2 Isthmus crossing the anterior surface of trachea rings 2-4 Esophagus is posterior and the RLN is postero-lateral to the trachea

Question 39

____ side is the easiest access to the esophagus?

Answer 39

Left

Question 40

Describe the cupula of pleura.

Answer 40

Pyramidal-shaped portion of the thoracic cavity that extends into the base (roof) of the neck b/w the scalene and the longus Collin muscles The apex of the cupula extends 3 cm into the root of the neck at the mid-clavicular