Pharynx and Larynx

Question 1

What is the function of the Pharynx?

Answer 1

airway between the nasal and oral cavities and the larynx

conducts food and fluids to the esophagus

Question 2

What are the three phases of deglutition (swallowing)?

Answer 2

oral (mastication)
oropharyngeal (elevation of the floor of the mouth and tongue to push back bolus)
pharyngo-esophageal (oropharynx elevates and constricts around the bolus, and propels it down the esophagus

Question 3

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

Answer 3

1. nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. laryngopharynx

Question 4

Nasopharynx is located _____ to the nasal cavity?

Answer 4

posterior

Question 5

Nasopharynx communicates with the nasal cavity via ______, middle ear via ________, and oropharynx via _______?

Answer 5

choanae
auditory tube
pharyngeal isthmus

Question 6

_______ is located behind the oral cavity?

Answer 6

oropharynx

Question 7

The oropharynx communicates with the nasopharynx via _______, oral cavity via _________, and the laryngopharynx at the level of the ________?

Answer 7

pharyngeal isthmus
faucial isthmus
hyoid

Question 8

__________ is located posterior to the oral cavity?

Answer 8

laryngopharynx

Question 9

laryngopharynx communicates with the oropharynx at the levels of the _______, larynx via ______ ______ and the esophagus at the level of _____?

Answer 9

hyoid
laryngeal aditus
CV6

Question 10

Describe the piriform recesses.

Answer 10

posterior and lateral to the arytenoid cartilage in the laryngopharynx.
Epithelium is innervated by internal laryngeal n.
blood supply is superior laryngeal a.

Pooling of secretions suggests obstruction of paralysis of the upper esophagus

Question 11

What are the 7 layers of the Pharyngeal wall?

Answer 11

1. Mucosa
2. the inner wall of the pharynx (pseudostratified and stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelia
3. Submucosa: loos connective tissue
4. Pharyngobasilar fascia (inner layer of musclar fascia)
5. Inner elevators of the pharynx
6. Pharyngeal constrictor muscles
7. Buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 12

What are the 3 inner elevator muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 12

Stylopharyngeus m. ( SVE fiber and IX n.)
Salpingopharyngues m.
Palatopharyngeus m.

Question 13

What are the four pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

Answer 13

Superior constrictor
Middle constrictor
Inferior Constrictor
Pharyngeal speech

Question 14

Buccopharyngeal fascia is a subdivision of _______ fascia ?

Answer 14

pretracheal

Question 15

__________ space is between the buccopharyngeal fascia and prevertebral fascia?

Answer 15

Retropharyngeal space

Question 16

___________ and _______ arteries supply blood to the Pharynx

Answer 16

ascending pharyngeal and inferior thyroid arteries

Question 17

Describe the innervation of the pharynx.

Answer 17

Innervated by pharyngeal plexus (embedded in buccopharygneal fascia); plexus receives sensory (GVA) from the pharyngeal branch of the glosspharygneal n. and motor (SVE) fibers from the pharyngeal branch of the vagus n.

Question 18

______ fibers from the pharyngeal plexus covey information for the gag reflex?

Answer 18

GVA

Question 19

What are the functions of the larynx?

Answer 19

vocalization

valve to protect the airway during deglutition as well as an airway to the lungs during respiration

Question 20

What are the 5 cartilages of the larynx?

Answer 20

Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid Cartilage 
Corniculate Cartilage (2x) and Cuneiform Cartilages (2x)
Epiglottic cartilage

Question 21

The thyroid lamine form the ________ _________?

Answer 21

laryngeal prominence (adam’s apple)