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THER EX > superficial modalities > Flashcards

superficial modalities Flashcards

1
Q

what is a deep heating modality (up to 5cm)

A

ultrasound

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2
Q

what is attenuation

A

decrease in energy intensity due to absorption of energy by tissues

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3
Q

pertaining to ultrasound absorption increased as the ___ increased

A

frequency

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4
Q

what kind of tissues have a high rate of absorption

A

tissues high in protein

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5
Q

what absorbs the least ultrasound energy

A

blood and fat

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6
Q

how mm or nerve have a higher absorption

A

mm has a higher absorption rate then nerve

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7
Q

what absorbs more ultrasound energy than any of the other tissues

A

bone

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8
Q

what is the effective radiating area for the ultrasound

A

the portion that produces the sound wave

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9
Q

what is the amount of effective radiating area for the treatment area

A

2-3x ERA

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10
Q

what kind of beam nonuniformity ratio is better

A

average intensity , the lower the better 2:1, 3:1, 1:1

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11
Q

what are the 4 ultrasound setting

A

duty cycle
frequency
intensity
treatment time

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12
Q

what type of duty cycle shoudl you use for tissue healing and stable fractures (1st 2weeks)

A

pulsed (on and off cycles) bc it is non thermal

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13
Q

what is the continuous duty cycle for ultrasound

A

100% on the whole time and has thermal effects

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14
Q

what is the frequency range on a ultrasound

A

.75 - 3 MHz

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15
Q

what frequency do you use for greater depth for deeper tissues

A

1 MHz (up to 5 cm)

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16
Q

what frequency is used for shallower depth for superficial tissues for ultra sound

A

3 MHz (1-3 cm)

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17
Q

higher intensity = ____ tissue heating = __ shorter treatment time for ultrasound

A

higher and shorter

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18
Q

higher frequency = ____ rate of heating = __ shorter treatment time for ultrasound

A

faster and shorter

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19
Q

what ultrasound effect and temp increase would u use for acute injury , edema and healing

A

nonthermal and no temp increase

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20
Q

what ultrasound effect and temp increase would u used for subacute injury hematoma

A

mild thermal effect and 1°C for temp increase

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21
Q

what ultrasound effect and temp increase would u use for chronic inflammation pain and trigger points

A

moderate thermal effect and 2° C for temp increased

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22
Q

what ultrasound effect and temp increase would u use for stretch collagen

A

vigorous effect and 4 °C temp increased

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23
Q

what do you use non thermal pulsed ultrasound for

A

acute injury , edema , healing

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24
Q

waht is the typical treatment time for ultrasound

A

5-10 mins

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25
Q

when will there be tissue damage for ultrasound

A

45° C

26
Q

what is phonophoresis

A

delivery of medication using ultrasound

27
Q

what is monophasic currents used for

A

stimulate sensory , motor t and pain

28
Q

what kind of wave is HVPC

A

paired monophasic

29
Q

if you need more force for HVPC what do u increased

A

intensity and frequency

30
Q

what is the duty cycle for HVPC for these treatment goals

○ NMR:
○ Muscle pump:
○ Reduce atrophy:
○ Strengthening:
○ ROM:

A

○ NMR: 1:5 🡪 1:3 🡪 1:1 as fatigue tolerates
○ Muscle pump: 1:1
○ Reduce atrophy: 1:5
○ Strengthening: 1:5
○ ROM: 1:1 or 1:5 depending on fatigue, as tolerated

31
Q

for Reduction of atrophy what HVPC do u do

A

move thru gravity resisted range , 25% of MVIC , 3x10 reps 2x a day

32
Q

FOr increasing ROM what HVPC should u do

A

move thru gravity resisted range
- 90 mins daily
-

33
Q

what is the use of electrical current to drive ions into the body

A

iontophoresis

34
Q

what is a continuous direct current to deliver medicinal agents

A

iontophoresis

35
Q

what iontophoresis
● Repels positive ions/attracts negative ions
● Acidic effect

A

anode (+)

36
Q

what iontophoresis
● Repels negative ions/attracts positive ions
● Alkaline effect

A

cathode (-)

37
Q

the number of ions transferred thru the skin is directly related to what 3 things

A

○ Duration of treatment
○ Current density
○ Concentration of ions in the solution

38
Q

what is the intensity , current density , and tine for iontophoresis

A

intensity - 3-5 mA
current: `.1-.5
time: 10-20 mins

39
Q

● Analgesia
● Calcium deposits (bone spurs)
● Dermal ulcers
● Edema reduction
● Fungal infections
● Hyperhidrosis
● Muscle spasms
● Musculoskeletal inflammatory conditions- tendonitis

these are all indications for what

A

iontophoresis

40
Q

what is Used to measure motor unit action potentials (MUAP) generated by active muscles

A

biofeedback

41
Q

biofeedback back Signals are detected, amplified, and converted to audiovisual signals used to reinforce ____ ____ .

A

voluntary control

42
Q

what is an Electronic or mechanical instrument used to help patient develop greater voluntary control via relaxation or neuromuscular re-education

A

biofeedback

43
Q

what can biofeedback measure

A

● Skin temperature
● Skin conductance
● Vasoconstriction or pulse via phototransmission
● EMG activity (surface and within muscle)
● Pressure

44
Q

what is biofeedback used for

A

● Relaxation of overactive/guarding muscles
● Neuromuscular re-ed of inhibited/weak muscles
● Continence training/pelvic floor
● Coordination
● Relaxation
● Pain

45
Q

what EMG biofeedback sensitivity should it be from relation training (attempt to reduce feedback to zero)

A

high

46
Q

what EMG biofeedback sensitivity should it be for NMR (attempt to increase biofeedback)

A

low

47
Q

larger temp difference= ___ energy transfer
smaller temp difference= ___ energy transfer

A

faster
slower

48
Q

what is the temperature regulating center of the brain

A

hypothalamus

49
Q

what are teh 4 ways heat transmission occurs

A

● Conduction ● Convection ● Radiation
● Conversion

50
Q

what is the Transfer of energy (not necessarily heat) to the body without physical contact.

A

radiation

51
Q

what are examples of conversion heat transmission

A

ultrasound and diathermy

52
Q

what is the fastest to slowed heat transfer

A

radiation then conversion then convection then conduction

53
Q

what is increased in general heat application

A

Cardiac output
Metabolic rate
Pulse rate
Respiratory rate
Vasodilation

54
Q

what is decreased in general heat application

A

Blood pressure
Muscle activity (sedentary effect)
Blood flow to internal organs
Blood flow to resting muscle
Stroke volume

55
Q

what is pains mechanism for decreased physiological response to local heat

A

Presynaptic inhibition of A delta and C fibers via activation of A beta fibers (_gate theory), disruption of pain-spasm cycle

56
Q

what phase of healing would u use heat

A

subacute - chronic

57
Q

what temp is there a therapeutic response to thermotherapy

A

40-45°C

58
Q

how many layers of towels should u do for heat

A

6-8 layers

59
Q

when should u do a skin check for a hot pack

A

at 5 mins

60
Q

what is the method of hydrotherapy

A

convection

61
Q

what will a patient feel as a [hysiologci response for Cyrotherapy

A

cold
burning
aching
numbness

THER EX (14 decks)

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