lecture 3 continued: clinical applications

Question 1

what is the inter electrode distance

Answer 1

at least 1.5 x electrode diameter

Question 2

what is the reason for putting electrodes further apart rather then closer

Answer 2

the farther a[art , the greater the depth of current flow … if closer together the current passes thru superficial tissues and it is usually more irritating

Question 3

for mm stimulation how should the electrodes be orientated

Answer 3

parallel to the fibers unless using monopolar techniques

Question 4

what is the electrode configuration for bipolar application

Answer 4

same size electrodes

Question 5

what is the electrode configuration for monopolar application

Answer 5

one or more small active elctrides and largre dispersive electrode

Question 6

what is the electrode configuration for quadripolar application

Answer 6

Parallel: Two sets of bipolar electrodes (separate channels)
• Crossing pattern (IFC)

Question 7

what do you use monopolar for

Answer 7

wounds, iontophoresis, edema, targeted muscle stimulation

Question 8

what do u use bipolar electrode configuration for q

Answer 8

pain modulation, muscle weakness, neuromuscular facilitation, spasms, ROM

Question 9

what are 3 things small electrodes do

Answer 9

Increased current density
Increased impedance
Decreased current flow

Question 10

what are 3 things large electrodes do

Answer 10

Decreased current density
Decreased impedance Increased current flow

Question 11

what is the interrupted or surged current , intensity , pulse duration , pulse rate and totally treatment time from **retardation of atrophy **(HVPC, med freq. biphasic)

Answer 11

• on = 6-15 secs ; off= 1 min
• intensity is as high as tolerated
• duration: 200-600
  rate: 50-85 pps (tetany range)
  TT: 15-20 mins , minimus of 10 contraction , 2-3x a day

Question 12

what is the interrupted or surged current , intensity , pulse duration , pulse rate and totally treatment time for** mm strengthening** (HVPC, med freq. russian)

Answer 12

• On time = 10-15 sec; Off time = 50s – 2 min
• intensity: high enough to make muscles develop 60% of MVIC torque
  -Pulse duration should be set as close as possible to the chronaxie of the motor nerve (200-600 μs
  -Pulses rate should be in the tetany range (50–85 pps)
  -Total treatment should mimic normal active resistive training protocols of 3 sets of 10 contractions

Question 13

what direct current is Used as a driving force to make charged plasma protein ions in interstitial spaces move in the direction of oppositely charged electrode

Answer 13

sensory level

Question 14

If reinnervation does not occur within ___ years fibrous connective tissue replaces contractile elements and recovery of muscle function is ___ possible

Answer 14

2
not