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THER EX > lecture 2: ROM and stretching > Flashcards

lecture 2: ROM and stretching Flashcards

1
Q

what is functional excursion

A

Distance a muscle is capable of shortening after it’s been maximally elongated

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2
Q

what is the difference between active and passive insuffiecny

A

active is when agonist is over shortened over a joint and passive is when a multi joint mm is lengthen to his full extent n

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3
Q

what kind of motion is ROM

A

osteokinematic

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4
Q

when is the difference between active , passive and active assisted ROM

A

passive is when you move them , active is when they move them selves (mm contraction) and active assisted is u move them and they move themselves

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5
Q

when are the 2 reasons ROM should not be done

A

when the motion is disruptive to the healing process and when the patient response or condition is life threatening

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6
Q

what are the 7 benefits of CPM

A

• Prevents development of adhesions, contractures
• Stimulates healing of tendons, ligaments
• Enhances healing of incisions
• Increases synovial fluid lubrication
• Prevents degrading effects of immobilization
• Quicker return of ROM
• Decreases postoperati

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7
Q

when is CPM device applied

A

immediately after sx

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8
Q

what is the purpose for doing ROM through functional patterns

A

helps patient realize purpose and value of ROM exercises and assists in developing motor patterns

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9
Q

what is the general ROM exercise for acute tissue healing

A

PROM 3-5 reps within pain tolerance , several times per day

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10
Q

what is the general ROM exercise for subacute tissue healing

A

PROM > AAROM> AROM for 10-15 reps with brief hold periods (3-5 seconds) within pain free range; 2-3 times per day

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11
Q

what is the general ROM exercise for chronic tissue healing

A

AROM: >30 reps for mm re education , maintenance of ROM , stretching to gain ROM

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12
Q

what is the purpose of stretching

A

increase mobility of soft tissue , improve ROM by enlow acting structures that have adaptively shortened and have become hypo mobile over time

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13
Q

what is the difference between dynamic and passive flexibility

A

dynamic is flexibility due to active movement and passive is due to a passive force

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14
Q

what is hypo mobility

A

limited arthrokinematic movement of a joint

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15
Q

how can u gain ROM from arthrokinematics

A

can make the joint glide which will improve the roll and u will gain ROM

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16
Q

what is contractures designated by

A

location and position the joint is “stuck in:

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17
Q

what is myostatic contracture

A

MT unit is adaptively shortened

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18
Q

what is Pseudomyostatic contracture:

A

Hypertonicity due to CNS lesions: CVA, TBI, SCI

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19
Q

what is Arthrogenic and periarticular contractures:

A

Adhesions, synovial proliferation, joint effusion, osteophytes

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20
Q

what is Fibrotic contracture and irreversible contractures:

A

• Fibrous changes in connective tissue leads to adhesions
• Difficult to re-establish normal tissue length

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21
Q

what is Purposefully stretch or mobilize certain muscles and joints while letting others become hypomobile to improve function

A

Selective Stretching

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22
Q

what is the purpose of overstretching and hypermobility

A

increase function

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23
Q

what are 8 interventions to increase mobility of soft tissues

A

-manual or mechanical stretching
-passive stretching
-assisted stretching
-neuromuscular facilitation and inhibition
-muscle energy techniques
-joint mobilization/ manipulation
- soft tissue mobilization and manipulation
-neural tissue mobilization

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24
Q

what type of intervention to increase mobility of soft tissues Utilizes an external force to perform a passive stretch

A

manual or mechanical stretching

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25
Q

what type of intervention to increase mobility of soft tissue is there No active contraction of the contractile unit

A

passive stretching

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26
Q

what type of intervention to increase mobility of soft tissue does the Patient assistance by themselves, machine or another person

A

assisted stretching

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27
Q

neuromuscular facilitation and inhibition for interventions to increase mobility of soft tissues does what 2 tings

A

• PNF
• Increases or decrease in muscle
tone

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28
Q

what type of intervention to increase mobility of soft tissue uses Passive techniques to restore
arthrokinematics

A

oint
Mobilization/Manipulation:

29
Q

what are indications for stretching exercises

A

• Adhesions, Contractures, Scar Tissue Limit ROM
• Potential for Structural Deformity due to limited ROM
• Muscle Weakness, Shortening of Muscles
• Part of a Total Fitness Program
• Pre and Post Vigorous Exercise

30
Q

what are the 7 contraindications for stretching exercises

A

• Bony Block
• Non-Union Fracture
• Acute Inflammation or Infection
• Sharp or Acute Pain With Elongation
• Hematoma or Tissue Trauma
• Hypermobility
• Hypomobility Provides Stability or Neuro-muscular Control

31
Q

what are the 3 Potential Benefits and Outcomes for Stretching exercises

A

• Increased Flexibility and ROM
• General Fitness
• Other Potential Benefits
• Injury prevention (evidence not shown for passive stretching techniques)
• Reduced post-exercise soreness
• Enhanced performance

32
Q

what is the temporary change in tissue length then return to previous length once force is removed

A

elasticity

33
Q

viscoelsaticity is only what kind of connective tissue

A

non contractile

34
Q

what kind of connective tissue initially resist stress and strain

A

non contractile

35
Q

what is the permanent change in tissue length

A

plasticity

36
Q

the contractiles tissue response to stretch is determines by what 3 things

A

velocity , duration and amount of force applied

37
Q

what type of contractile tissue is Facilitory (Ia afferent)

A

muscle spindle

38
Q

what type of contractile tissue is inhibitory (Ib afferent)

A

glogi tendon organ

39
Q

Neurophysiological Response of Muscle to Stretch is based on what

A

velocity, duration and
amount of force applied

40
Q

what are the 6 types of connective tissue

A

• Ligaments
• Tendons
• Joint Capsules
• Fasciae
• Non-Contractile Tissue in Muscles
• Skin

41
Q

what is the composition of connective tissue

A

-collagen fibers
-elastin fibers
-reticulum fibers
-ground substance

42
Q

what do elastin fibers allow for

A

elastic properties of connective tissue

43
Q

what type of ribs is a type 3 collagen that forms a fibrous mesh or scaffold for other connective tissue types

A

reticulin fibers

44
Q

what are the 4 ground substances

A

GAGs, water, glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate

45
Q

what is the stress and strain curve used for

A

interpreting mechanical behavior of connective tissue

46
Q

what are the 4 things from stress and strain

A

• Tension
• Compression
• Shear
• Strain

47
Q

what are the 7 regions of the stress strain curve

A
  • toe region
    -elastic range
    -elastic limit
    -plastic range
    -ultimate strength (necking)
    -failure
    -structural stiffness
48
Q

what region of the stress strain curve is before the stretch begins and it is “straightening of the collagen fibrils”

A

toe region

49
Q

what region int he stress strain surge is the linear phase where if u let go of the stretch it will go back to the length

A

elastic range

50
Q

what is the elastic limit int he stress strain surve

A

transient increase then return to previous length

51
Q

what region of the stress strain curve will there be permanent increase in length and there is no going back

A

plastic range

52
Q

what is the necking region on the stress strain curve mean

A

warning shock before failure

53
Q

what part of the stress strain curve does stress (load) increase the most

A

elastic range

54
Q

what is creep

A

load is applied for an extended time to elongate tissue

55
Q

what kind of load is creep

A

low load , long duration

56
Q

what is load is applied for extended time with tissue at constant length

A

stress relaxation

57
Q

tissue creep grows from ___ load to ___ load

A

low to high

58
Q

stress relaxation goes from ___ load to ___ load

A

high to low

59
Q

what is changes in collagen affecting stress strains response

A

• Effects of immobilization
• Effects of inactivity (decrease of normal activity)
• Effects of age
• Effects of corticosteroids
• Effects of injury
• Other conditions affecting collagen

60
Q

what are the determinants and types of stretching exercises

A

-alignment and stabilization
-intensity of stretch
-duration of stretch
-speed of stretch
-frequency of stretch

61
Q

what are the modes of stretch

A

• Manual Stretching
• Self-Stretching
• Mechanical Stretching

62
Q

what are the 3 different types of PNF stretching

A

• Hold–relax and contract–relax
• Agonist contraction
• Hold–relax with agonist contraction

63
Q

what is a method of warm up

A

heat

64
Q

what is useful for UMN lesions to promote relaxation prior to stretch

A

cold

65
Q

what is beneficial after stretch to decrease pain and muscle spasm

A

cold

66
Q

what Promotes relaxation of muscles being stretched

A

biofeedback

67
Q

what does Joint Traction or Oscillation do

A

• Inhibits pain
• Promotes muscle relaxation
• Increased inhibitory mechanoreceptor activity

68
Q

what are the 3 manual stretching techniques in anatomical planes of motion for UE anf LE stretching

A

• Hand placement
• Patient position
• Procedure

69
Q

what are the 3 manual stretching techniques in anatomical planes of motion for UE anf LE stretching

A

• Hand placement
• Patient position
• Procedure

THER EX (14 decks)

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