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THER EX > balance lecture > Flashcards

balance lecture Flashcards

1
Q

____ is the ability to maintain the body’s center of gravity over its base of support with minimal sway or maximal steadiness

A

balance

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2
Q

define postural control

A

involves controlling the body’s position in space for stability and orientation

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3
Q

____ _____ is –The control of relative positions of the
body parts by skeletal muscles with respect to gravity and each
other.

A

postural orientation

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4
Q

_____ ______ is The condition in which all the forces
acting on the body are balanced such that the center of mass (COM)is with in the stability limits or boundaries of BOS

A

postural stability

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5
Q

what is the normal anterior/posture sway

A

12 degrees from most posterior- anterior position

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6
Q

what is the normal lateral sway

A

16° from side to side

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7
Q

what is static balance

A

base of support remains stationary and only the body center of mass moves

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8
Q

what balance is Maintaining balance when a person is moving from point A to point B, where both the BOS and COM are moving, and the COM is never kept within the BOS.

A

dynamic balance

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9
Q

▪ Moving support surfaces
▪ Move head, trunk, arms, legs
▪ Transitional and locomotor activities

these ar example of what kind of balances

A

dynamic

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10
Q

what is automatic postural reactions

A

balance in response to unexpected external perturbation

ex: standing on a bus that suddenly accelerates forward

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11
Q

____ _____ in response to external forces requiring immediate feedback

A

reactive control

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12
Q

____ ______ is in anticipation of internal forces
imposed on the body’s own movements that utilizes
feedforward and feedback mechanisms

A

anticipatory control

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13
Q

what is the difference between reactive vs anticipatory postural control

A

reactive involved modifying in response to changing task and environmental demands

anticipatory involves preparing for postural demands based on perevious experience and learning

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14
Q

what are 5 examples of anticipatory (feedforward) things

A

-reaching
-catching
-kicking
-lifting
-obstacle course

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15
Q

what is the reactive (feedback) things

A

▪ Standing sway
▪ Ankle strategy
▪ Hip strategy
▪ Stepping strategy
▪ Perturbations

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16
Q

what are the MSK components of balance

A

-joint ROM
-spinal flexibility
- mm tone
- intersemental movements

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17
Q

what neural systems are invovled with balance

A

visual , vestibular and somatosensory

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18
Q

what are 3 factors that contribute to stability

A

-body alignment
-mm tone
-postural tone

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19
Q

The ideal _____ in stance allows the body to be maintained in equilibrium with the least expenditure of internal energy.

A

alignment

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20
Q

what is the standing alignment for appropriate to quiet stnading

A

▪ Head balanced on level
shoulders
▪ Upper body erect,
shoulders over hips
▪ Hips in front of ankles
▪ Feet a few cm (10 cm) apart

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21
Q

what is the sitting alignment for appropriate quiet sitting

A

▪ Head balanced on level
shoulders
▪ Upper body erect
▪ Shoulders over hips
▪ Feet and knees a few cm
apart

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22
Q

what is mm tone

A

the force with which mm resists being lengthened

23
Q

during postural tone there is a increased levle of activity in ____ mm

A

antigravity

24
Q

for postural tone when is antigravity mms activated

A

during quiet stance

25
Q

what mma re topically active during quiet stance

A

gastrocsoleus, tibialis anterior, gluteus medius, TFL, iliopsoas, and erector spinae

26
Q

what are the 3 strategies during perturbed stance

A

ankle
hip
stepping

27
Q

what strategy is used when displacements are small and displaces COG by rotation about the ankle joint

A

ankle strategy

28
Q

how are the mm activated during ankle strategy

A

distal to proximal

29
Q

what is the ankle strategy if there is a posteior displacement of COG

A

-DF ankle
-contraction of anterior tib
- quads
-abs

30
Q

what is the ankle strategy if there is a anterior displacement of COG

A

-PF
-contraction of gastroc
-hamstring
-trunk extensors

31
Q

what motor strategy is Employed when ankle motion is limited, displacement is
greater, when standing on unstable surface that disallows ankle strategy and is Preferred when perturbation is rapid and near limits of
stability.

A

hip strategy

32
Q

what is the hip strategy for anterior displacement of COG

A

forward away , activation of hammy , and paraspinals

33
Q

what is the hip strategy for posteior displacement of COG

A

backward sway , activiation of abs and quads

34
Q

what motor strategy is used If displacement is large enough, a forward or backward step is
used to regain postural control

A

stepping

35
Q

what is the triad of balance

A

visual
vestibular
somatosensory

36
Q

The maintenance of balance is based on an
intrinsic cooperation between the…

A

vestibular system
proprioceptive
vision

37
Q

Postural control, not only depends on the
integrity of the systems, but also on the
sensory integration within the ____, ____
and _____ perception, effective muscle
strength and joint flexibility

A

CNS
visual and spatial

38
Q

what does visual inputs provide information for

A

-positive of head relative to environment
- orientation of head to maintain level gaze
- direction and speed of head movements bc as ur head move, surrounding objects move in oppposite direction

39
Q

what vestibular receptor sense ANGULAR acceleration of the head anf is sensitive to FAST head movements

A

semicircular canal

40
Q

what vestibular receptors signal LINEAR positions and ACCELERATION. , source of information about head positions with respect to gravity and responses SLOW to head movement

A

otolith organs

41
Q

what is invovled int he somatosensory systems for balance

A

joint receptions
mm proprioceptors
cutaneous receptors

42
Q

incoming sensory information is integrated and processed in the what 3 things

A

cerebellum
basal ganglia
supplementary motor area

43
Q

what has the fastest processing time for rapid responses and what is it followed by

A

somatosensory and followed by visual and vestibular inputs

44
Q

what 3 things goes into motor control

A

individual
environment
task

45
Q

what are 3 spatial temporal compensations

A

-changes BOS
-restricting movement of body mass
-using hands from support

46
Q

what are 3 way patients may change their BOS

A

-wide BOS
-shuffling feet with inappropratie stepping
shifting on the strong leg

47
Q

what is standing reaching forward

A

flexion at hips instead of DF ankles

48
Q

what is standing reaching sideways

A

flexing trunk side ways instead of moving body laterally at the hips and feet’s

49
Q

what are way to treat balance with modes

A

-begin with weight shifts
-gradually increase sway
- change speeds from slow to fast
-increase surface challenges

50
Q

PFN techniques are used to h enhance stability by doing what

A

rhythmic stabilizaiotn / alternating isometrics to enhances stability

51
Q

PNF techniques are used to enhance dymaic balance by what

A

-isotonic combinations
-slow and quick reversals

52
Q

A 85-year-old patient has been working on balance in your clinic. She You have progressed her with sit to stands. What type of balance is this patient working on?

A. Static Balance
B. Anticipatory Balance
C. Reactive Balance
D. Dynamic Balance

A

D

53
Q

▪ Which of the following is part of the ankle strategy?

A. Anterior displacement and the activation of the anterior tibialis
B. Anterior displacement and the activation of the quadriceps
C. Posterior displacement and the activation of the quadriceps
D. Posterior displacement and the activation of trunk extensors

A

C

54
Q

The maintenance of balance is based on an intrinsic
cooperation between which of the following?
A. Vision
B. Vestibular
C. Somatosensory
D. All of the above

A

D

THER EX (14 decks)

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