Superficial, intermediate, deep muscles of anterior forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the flexor carpi ulnaris, and where do the 2 heads attach to?

A

4, the humeral head attaches to the common flexor tendon origin, the medial epicondyle

The ulnar head attaches to the olecranon

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2
Q

What 3 bony structures does the flexor carpi ulnaris attach to?

A

Passes to medial side of wrist then attaches to:
Hook of hamata

Pisiform

5th metacarpal base

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3
Q

What are the 2 actions of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Wrist flexion

Wrist adduction

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4
Q

What nerve supplies flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulnar nerve

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5
Q

Where is the palmaris longus, and where is its origin and attachment?

A

1, palmaris longus originates from common flexor tendon origin, the medial epicondyle of humerus

Palmaris longus attaches to flexor retinaculum at wrist

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6
Q

What is the action of palmaris longus, and what innervates this muscle?

A

Wrist flexion

Innervated by median nerve

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7
Q

What is meant by palmaris longus being a vestigial muscle?

A

Had function in earlier species but through evolution has become functionless/little function left

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8
Q

Is palmaris longus present in all individuals?

A

No, palmaris longus is absent in 15% population

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9
Q

Where is the flexor carpi radialis, and what are its origin and attachment sites?

A

3, flexor carpi radialis originates from medial epicondyle of humerus and attaches to bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

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10
Q

What are the 2 actions of flexor carpi radialis, and what nerve innervates it?

A

Wrist flexion and abduction

Innervated by median nerve

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11
Q

Where is pronator teres, and what are its origin and attachment sites?

A

2, it originates from medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna, and attaches to lateral mid-shaft surface of radius

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12
Q

What are the 2 actions of pronator teres, and what nerve innervates it?

A

Forearm pronation (main action)
Elbow flexion (weaker action)

Innervated by median nerve

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13
Q

Why do all of the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm originate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

A

They all originate from the common flexor tendon, which originates from the medial epicondyle

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14
Q

What anatomical structure near the elbow is pronator teres a part of, and describe its role?

A

Cubital fossa: upside down triangular depression on anterior surface of elbow

Pronator teres forms medial border

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15
Q

How many intermediate muscles are there in the anterior forearm?

A

1

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16
Q

What is the only intermediate muscle in the anterior forearm?

A

10, Flexor digitorum superficialis

17
Q

What 2 neurovascular vessels travel posteriorly between the 2 heads of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Ulnar artery

Median nerve

18
Q

What are the origin and attachments sites of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis has 2 heads, each originate from medial epicondyle of humerus and the radius

Splits into 4 tendons at wrist which travel distally though carpal tunnel and attach to base of middle phalange of 4 fingers

19
Q

What are the 3 actions of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, and what nerve innervates it?

A

Flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints

Flexion of proximal interphalangeal joints

Wrist flexion

20
Q

Where is the flexor digitorum profundus, and what are its origin and attachment sites?

A

8 and 10, originates from ulna

Splits into 4 tendons that pass though carpal tunnel and attach to distal phalanges of fingers

21
Q

What are the 3 actions of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Flexion of distal interphalangeal joints (only muscle that does this)

Flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints

Wrist flexion

22
Q

What innervates flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Tendons on lateral half (index and middle fingers) innervated by median nerve

Tendons on medial half (ring and little fingers) innervated by ulnar nerve

23
Q

Where is flexor pollicis longus, and what are its origin and attachment sites?

A

9, it is lateral to flexor digitorum profundus (on thumb side)

Originates from radius anterior surface and attaches to digital phalange base of thumb

24
Q

What are the 2 actions of flexor pollicis longus, and what nerve is it innervated by?

A

Flexion of interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb

Median nerve

25
Q

Where is pronator quadratus, describe its shape and sites of origin and attachment?

A

7, it is square-shaped near the wrist

Originates from ulna anterior surface and attaches to radius anterior surface

26
Q

What is the action of pronator quadratus, and what innervates it?

A

Forearm pronation

Median nerve

27
Q

What are the 4 superficial muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus

28
Q

What are the 3 deep muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

29
Q

What is the deepest muscle of the anterior forearm?

A

Pronator quadratus