Superficial, intermediate, deep muscles of anterior forearm Flashcards
Where is the flexor carpi ulnaris, and where do the 2 heads attach to?
4, the humeral head attaches to the common flexor tendon origin, the medial epicondyle
The ulnar head attaches to the olecranon
What 3 bony structures does the flexor carpi ulnaris attach to?
Passes to medial side of wrist then attaches to:
Hook of hamata
Pisiform
5th metacarpal base
What are the 2 actions of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Wrist flexion
Wrist adduction
What nerve supplies flexor carpi ulnaris?
Ulnar nerve
Where is the palmaris longus, and where is its origin and attachment?
1, palmaris longus originates from common flexor tendon origin, the medial epicondyle of humerus
Palmaris longus attaches to flexor retinaculum at wrist
What is the action of palmaris longus, and what innervates this muscle?
Wrist flexion
Innervated by median nerve
What is meant by palmaris longus being a vestigial muscle?
Had function in earlier species but through evolution has become functionless/little function left
Is palmaris longus present in all individuals?
No, palmaris longus is absent in 15% population
Where is the flexor carpi radialis, and what are its origin and attachment sites?
3, flexor carpi radialis originates from medial epicondyle of humerus and attaches to bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
What are the 2 actions of flexor carpi radialis, and what nerve innervates it?
Wrist flexion and abduction
Innervated by median nerve
Where is pronator teres, and what are its origin and attachment sites?
2, it originates from medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna, and attaches to lateral mid-shaft surface of radius
What are the 2 actions of pronator teres, and what nerve innervates it?
Forearm pronation (main action)
Elbow flexion (weaker action)
Innervated by median nerve
Why do all of the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm originate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
They all originate from the common flexor tendon, which originates from the medial epicondyle
What anatomical structure near the elbow is pronator teres a part of, and describe its role?
Cubital fossa: upside down triangular depression on anterior surface of elbow
Pronator teres forms medial border
How many intermediate muscles are there in the anterior forearm?
1
What is the only intermediate muscle in the anterior forearm?
10, Flexor digitorum superficialis
What 2 neurovascular vessels travel posteriorly between the 2 heads of flexor digitorum superficialis?
Ulnar artery
Median nerve
What are the origin and attachments sites of flexor digitorum superficialis?
Flexor digitorum superficialis has 2 heads, each originate from medial epicondyle of humerus and the radius
Splits into 4 tendons at wrist which travel distally though carpal tunnel and attach to base of middle phalange of 4 fingers
What are the 3 actions of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, and what nerve innervates it?
Flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints
Flexion of proximal interphalangeal joints
Wrist flexion
Where is the flexor digitorum profundus, and what are its origin and attachment sites?
8 and 10, originates from ulna
Splits into 4 tendons that pass though carpal tunnel and attach to distal phalanges of fingers
What are the 3 actions of flexor digitorum profundus?
Flexion of distal interphalangeal joints (only muscle that does this)
Flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints
Wrist flexion
What innervates flexor digitorum profundus?
Tendons on lateral half (index and middle fingers) innervated by median nerve
Tendons on medial half (ring and little fingers) innervated by ulnar nerve
Where is flexor pollicis longus, and what are its origin and attachment sites?
9, it is lateral to flexor digitorum profundus (on thumb side)
Originates from radius anterior surface and attaches to digital phalange base of thumb
What are the 2 actions of flexor pollicis longus, and what nerve is it innervated by?
Flexion of interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb
Median nerve
Where is pronator quadratus, describe its shape and sites of origin and attachment?
7, it is square-shaped near the wrist
Originates from ulna anterior surface and attaches to radius anterior surface
What is the action of pronator quadratus, and what innervates it?
Forearm pronation
Median nerve
What are the 4 superficial muscles of the anterior forearm?
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
What are the 3 deep muscles of the anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
What is the deepest muscle of the anterior forearm?
Pronator quadratus
