Bones and bony landmarks of the spine: vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are there in the vertebral column, and what are these bones?

A

33 vertebrae, which are bony segments

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2
Q

In the vertebral column, what structure separates individual vertebrae?

A

Fibrocartilagenous intervertebral disc

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3
Q

What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column in cranial-caudal direction?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

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4
Q

What 2 bones make up a vertebra?

A

Vertebral body

Vertebral arch

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5
Q

What is the vertebral body, what structure lines 2 of its surfaces and what separates individual?

A

Anterior, weight-bearing bone of vertebra

superior and inferior surfaces are lined with hyaline cartilage

separated from other vertebral bodies by fibrocartilaginous intervertebral disc

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6
Q

What aspects of vertebrae are made up by the vertebral arch, and what structure is formed from the fusion of the vertebral arch with the vertebral body?

A

Vertebral arch makes up posterolateral aspect

Forms vertebral foramen

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7
Q

When all of the vertebral foramen of each vertebra line up, what spinal structure does this form?

A

Vertebral canal: Spinal cord runs through here

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8
Q

How many bony processes does the vertebral arch have, and where are they?

A

7 processes in total:

5: Spinous process

6: 2 Transverse processes

4 articular processes

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9
Q

Where is the pedicle, and what vertebral process does it connect to the vertebral body?

A

3

Pedicle connects vertebral body to transverse process

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10
Q

Where is the lamina, and which 2 vertebral processes does it connect?

A

4

Lamina connects transverse and spinous processes

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11
Q

How many superior and inferior articular processes does each vertebral arch have, and what joints do they form?

A

2 superior (2), 2 inferior (1)

The inferior articular process/facet (1) of the vertebral arch above joins with the superior articular process/facet (2) of the vertebral arch below to form the facet/zygapophysial joint

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12
Q

What is the name of the joint that forms between the inferior and superior articular facets/processes of subsequent vertebral arches?

A

Facet/zygapophysial joint

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13
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there in the spinal column?

A

7

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14
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there in the spinal column?

A

12

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15
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there in the spinal column?

A

5

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16
Q

How many sacral vertebrae are there in total?

A

5

17
Q

How many coccygeal vertebrae are there in total?

A

1

18
Q

How is the spinous process of cervical vertebrae different to those of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae?

A

Cervical vertebrae have bifid spinous process: bifurcates (splits into 2 branches) at distal end

Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae are not bifid, is one branch

19
Q

Describe the shape of the vertebral foramen in thoracic vertebrae compared to cervical and lumbar vertebrae?

A

Thoracic: Circular

Cervical, lumbar: Triangular

20
Q

Which type of spinal vertebrae have transverse foramen, and why?

A

Cervical

Transverse foramen: enclosed hole in transverse process through which vertebral arteries travel to brain

21
Q

Which cervical vertebrae don’t have bifid spinous processes, and why?

A

C1: None

C7: Has longest spinous process in cervical spine, so might not bifuricate

22
Q

Which type of spinal vertebrae has demi facets, and what is their function?

A

Thoracic vertebrae

Demi facets: bilaterally paired, with one pair each on the superolateral and inferolateral surfaces of the vertebral body, a pair of demi facets articulate with the heads of 2 different ribs

Eg. shaft of rib 2 articulates with inferior demi facet of T1 and superior demi facet of T2

23
Q

Which type of spinal vertebrae has costal facets, and what is their function?

A

Thoracic vertebrae

Costal facets: area of articulation with shaft of single rib, that is located on transverse process

Eg. costal facet on T2 articulates with shaft of rib 2

24
Q

Compare the size and shape of vertebral bodies of cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae?

A

Cervical and thoracic are smaller, oval-shaped

Lumbar is much larger and kidney-shaped

25
Q

Where is the anterior longitudinal ligament, and what is its function?

A

6

Thick ligament that runs down vertebral column, along anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies

Prevents hyperextension

26
Q

Where is the posterior longitudinal ligament, and what is its function?

A

5

Posterior longitudinal ligament: ligament that runs down vertebral column length, along posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies

Prevents hyperflexion

27
Q

Where is the ligamentum flavum, and what is its function?

A

1

Thick, segmental (between consecutive vertebral segments) ligament that runs between lamina of adjacent vertebrae

28
Q

Where is the interspinous ligament, and what is its function?

A

3

Thin ligaments that connect adjacent spinous processes: Attaches to processes

Limit flexion

29
Q

Where is the supraspinous ligament, and what is its function?

A

4

Thin ligaments that connect adjacent spinous processes: Attaches to tips of processes

Limit flexion

30
Q

Where is the intertransverse ligament, and what is its function?

A

7

Sheet-like, weak ligaments connecting adjacent transverse processes

Limit flexion and rotation

31
Q

What is the difference between supraspinous and interspinous ligaments in the spine?

A

Supraspinous: between tips of adjacent spinous processes

Interspinous: between middle of adjacent spinous processes