Superficial Heat Modalities Flashcards
superficial heat
heating the skin and underlying tissue to depths < 2cm * greatest effects at <0.5 cm or lesss hot packs paraffin fluidotherapy warm whirlpool **conduction or convection**
deep heat
heating tissue between 2 to 5 cm in depth
ultra sound
diathermy
**conversion
thermotherapy
the application of therapeutic heat to the body
what happens when you use heat too soon after an injury?
causes cell damage due to hypoxia (cell death)
vascular effects
vasodilation of skin blood vessels increase delivery of oxygen increase delivery of WBCs increase of chemical mediators increase capillary permeability increase lymphatic/venous return increase removal of metabolic wastes
histamine and prostaglandinds
cause vasdilation; released when heat produces mild inflammatory reaction
do not use heat with ______ injury
acute
local effect of superficial heat
pain
muscle spasm
inflammation
nerve conduction velocity
pain
increase analgesia of sensory nerves (pain relief)
decrease overall pain (gate control theory)
muscle spasm
decrease muscle spasm
decrease muscle spindle sensitivity
increase delivery of oxygen to area
inflammation
increase localized inflammation
nerve conduction velocity
increase NCV
increase activity of a delta (carry pain)
first 5 minutes
rapid increase in skin temperature due to conduction
after 7 to 10 minnutes
temperature gradient evens out, through vasodilation there has been enough cool blood sent to are to slow down the temperature increase; athlete hits plateau*
after 20 minutes
constant intensity; vessels which were maximally vasodilated being to constrict
rebound vasoconstriction
when cells that were maximally vasodilated being to constrict again; body’s response to save the underlying tissue by sacrificing the superficial layers
mottling
warning sign that the skin temperature are increasing too quickly
indications of superficial heat
Subacute and chronic inflammation Subacute and chronic pain Subacute and chronic muscle spasm decreaes ROM Reduction of joint contractures Hematoma resolution
contraindications of superficial heat
Acute injuries Impaired circulation Poor thermal regulation Anesthetic areas Neoplasms - tumor* Infection Systemic infection Elderly; children
Types of heat
moist heat packs warm whirlpool contrast bath - hot to cold paraffin bath infrared lamp
Do not apply heat in the _______ phase of injur
acute
dry heat
does not increase skin temp rapidly as moist heat
moist heat packs
rapid increase of skin surface temperature; vasodilation of vessels to increase blood flow; must use insulation**
average temperature rise at 1 cm
3.8 C or 38 F
