Superficial Heat Modalities

Question 1

superficial heat

Answer 1

heating the skin and underlying tissue to depths < 2cm
* greatest effects at <0.5 cm or lesss
hot packs
paraffin
fluidotherapy
warm whirlpool
**conduction or convection**

Question 2

deep heat

Answer 2

heating tissue between 2 to 5 cm in depth
ultra sound
diathermy
**conversion

Question 3

thermotherapy

Answer 3

the application of therapeutic heat to the body

Question 4

what happens when you use heat too soon after an injury?

Answer 4

causes cell damage due to hypoxia (cell death)

Question 5

vascular effects

Answer 5

vasodilation of skin blood vessels
increase delivery of oxygen
increase delivery of WBCs
increase of chemical mediators
increase capillary permeability
increase lymphatic/venous return
increase removal of metabolic wastes

Question 6

histamine and prostaglandinds

Answer 6

cause vasdilation; released when heat produces mild inflammatory reaction

Question 7

do not use heat with ______ injury

Answer 7

acute

Question 8

local effect of superficial heat

Answer 8

pain
muscle spasm
inflammation
nerve conduction velocity

Question 9

pain

Answer 9

increase analgesia of sensory nerves (pain relief)

decrease overall pain (gate control theory)

Question 10

muscle spasm

Answer 10

decrease muscle spasm
decrease muscle spindle sensitivity
increase delivery of oxygen to area

Question 11

inflammation

Answer 11

increase localized inflammation

Question 12

nerve conduction velocity

Answer 12

increase NCV

increase activity of a delta (carry pain)

Question 13

first 5 minutes

Answer 13

rapid increase in skin temperature due to conduction

Question 14

after 7 to 10 minnutes

Answer 14

temperature gradient evens out, through vasodilation there has been enough cool blood sent to are to slow down the temperature increase; athlete hits plateau*

Question 15

after 20 minutes

Answer 15

constant intensity; vessels which were maximally vasodilated being to constrict

Question 16

rebound vasoconstriction

Answer 16

when cells that were maximally vasodilated being to constrict again; body’s response to save the underlying tissue by sacrificing the superficial layers

Question 17

mottling

Answer 17

warning sign that the skin temperature are increasing too quickly

Question 18

indications of superficial heat

Answer 18

Subacute and chronic inflammation
Subacute and chronic pain
Subacute and chronic muscle spasm
decreaes ROM
Reduction of joint contractures
Hematoma resolution

Question 19

contraindications of superficial heat

Answer 19

Acute injuries
Impaired circulation
Poor thermal regulation
Anesthetic areas
Neoplasms - tumor*
Infection
Systemic infection
Elderly; children

Question 20

Types of heat

Answer 20

moist heat packs
warm whirlpool
contrast bath - hot to cold
paraffin bath
infrared lamp

Question 21

Do not apply heat in the _______ phase of injur

Answer 21

acute

Question 22

dry heat

Answer 22

does not increase skin temp rapidly as moist heat

Question 23

moist heat packs

Answer 23

rapid increase of skin surface temperature; vasodilation of vessels to increase blood flow; must use insulation**

Question 24

average temperature rise at 1 cm

Answer 24

3.8 C or 38 F

Question 25

moist heat packs are kept in water with temp. range of ______ to _______

Answer 25

160 to 170 F; kills bacteria

Question 26

heat packs can maintain heat level for ______ minutes

Answer 26

30 to 45

Question 27

duration of treatment using heat pack

Answer 27

20 to 30 minutes

Question 28

warm whirlpools

Answer 28

promote muscular relaxation

Question 29

WWP duration

Answer 29

20 to 30 minutes

Question 30

contrast bath

Answer 30

alternation of cryotherapy and thermotherapy

Question 31

Causing a cycling of vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Answer 31

Thought of as a pumping action from vasoconstriction/vasodilation; however, it’s doesn’t target deep tissues so that may not be true; may be due to decrease in pain and spasm which in turn allows more ROM

Question 32

hot to cold ratio

Answer 32

3:1 or 4:1

Question 33

sub-acute injury; last thing that they are doing for the day

Answer 33

end on cold cycle

Question 34

chronic; heading out to practice afterwards

Answer 34

end on warm cycle

Question 35

CB injury response cycle

Answer 35

does not appear to affect subcutaneous tissue > 1 cm

Question 36

warm tub

Answer 36

105 to 110 F

Question 37

cold tub

Answer 37

50 to 60 F

Question 38

always start with ______

Answer 38

HOT

Question 39

CB duration

Answer 39

20 minutes; 4 to 5 cycles

Question 40

paraffin bath

Answer 40

7 parts wax, 1 part water; commonly used for treating hand and wrist

Question 41

temperature range

Answer 41

118 to 126 F for upper extremities; 112 to 121 for lower extremities

Question 42

PB treatment time

Answer 42

15 to 20 minutes

Question 43

dip hand/foot in bath ______ time

Answer 43

6 to 12