Superficial Face and Muscles of Face Expression

Question 1

what is the skin over the angle of the mandible innervated by?

Answer 1

cervical plexus with the great auricular nerve (C2&c3)

Question 2

where does CNVII enter the skull?

Answer 2

via the internal acoustic meatus

Question 3

where does CNVII exit the skull?

Answer 3

the stylomastoid foramen

Question 4

what are the two branches given off of CNVII before the nerve enters the parotid gland?

Answer 4

• posterior auricular
• digastric nerve

Question 5

what are the five branches of CNVII?

Answer 5

• Temporal branch
• Zygomatic branch
• Buccal branch
• Marginal Mandibular branch
• Cervical branch

Question 6

what does the temporal branch of CNVII innervate?

Answer 6

Forehead & muscles around upper eyelids:
- frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
- orbicularis oculi

Question 7

what does the zygomatic branch of CNVII innervate?

Answer 7

Lower eyelid & upper lip
- orbicularis oculi
- upper lip muscles

Question 8

What does the buccal branch of CNVII innervate?

Answer 8

• buccinator
• orbicularis oris

Question 9

what does the marginal mandibular branch of CNVII innervate?

Answer 9

Lower lip & chin
- orbicularis oris

Question 10

what does the cervical branch of CNVII innervate?

Answer 10

the platysma muscle

Question 11

what is the Occipitofrontalis muscle innervated by?

Answer 11

Frontal belly = temporal branch of CNVII
Occipital belly = posterior auricular branch of CNVII

Question 12

where does the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis originate from?

Answer 12

epicranial aponeurosis

Question 13

where does the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis insert from?

Answer 13

inserts into skin/subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows & forehead

Question 14

where does the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle originate from?

Answer 14

lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line

Question 15

where does the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle insert into?

Answer 15

the epicranial aponeurosis

Question 16

what are the actions of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

Answer 16

• retract the scalp (occipital belly)
• wrinkle the forehead & elevate eyebrows (frontal belly)

Question 17

what are the different parts of the Orbicularis Oculi muscle?

Answer 17

• orbital part
• palpébral part

Question 18

what is the Orbicularis Oculi muscle innervated by?

Answer 18

Temporal and zygomatic branches of CNVII

Question 19

where does the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi muscle originate from?

Answer 19

the medial palpebral ligament

Question 20

where does the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi muscle instead into?

Answer 20

the lateral palpebral raphe at the ligament

Question 21

where does the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi muscle originate from?

Answer 21

the nasal part of the frontal bone, frontal process of maxilla and medial palpebral ligament

Question 22

where does the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi muscle insert into?

Answer 22

into skin around the margin of the orbit

Question 23

what are the actions of the Orbicularis Oculi?

Answer 23

• close the eyelids gently (involuntary or blinking reflex; palpebral part)
• close the eyelids tightly (voluntary; orbital part)

Question 24

what type of muscle is the Orbicularis Oris?

Answer 24

sphincter muscle

Question 25

where does the orbicularis oris originate from?

Answer 25

- partially from buccinator/surrounding muscles - medial mandible/maxilla

Question 26

where does the orbicularis oris insert into?

Answer 26

mucous membrane of lips

Question 27

what is the action of the orbicularis oris?

Answer 27

close and/or protrude the lips - helps to keep food between the occlusal surfaces of teeth

Question 28

where does the buccinator muscle originate from?

Answer 28

- posterior part of alveolar processes of maxilla/mandible - pterygomandibular raphe

Question 29

where does the buccinator insert into?

Answer 29

fibres merge with the orbicularis oris

Question 30

what are the actions of the buccinator muscle?

Answer 30

- presses the cheeks against the molar teeth - works with the tongue to keep food between occlusal surfaces of teeth - assists with smiling & resists distension

Question 31

where is the buccal fat pad located?

Answer 31

superficially to the buccinator

Question 32

where does the parotid duct travel to in order to enter oral cavity?

Answer 32

parotid duct lies on top of masseter before reaching the buccinator & piercing it while en route to the oral cavity - enters oral cavity near superior 2nd molar tooth

Question 33

where does the platysma muscle originate from?

Answer 33

subcutaneous tissue of the infraclavicular & supraclavicular regions

Question 34

where does the platysma muscle insert into?

Answer 34

- base of mandible to merge with orbicularis oris - skin of cheek - lower lip - angle of mouth

Question 35

what are the actions of the platysma muscle?

Answer 35

- tense the skin of inferior face/neck - depress the mandible

Question 36

what are the dilator muscles?

Answer 36

- levator anguli oris - zygomaticus major - risorius - depressor anguli oris - levator labii superioris - zygomaticus minor - depressor labii inferioris

Question 37

what facial muscle causes flaring of the nostrils & elevation of the upper lip?

Answer 37

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Question 38

what is majority of the blood supply to the face supplied from?

Answer 38

external carotid artery (some from internal carotid)

Question 39

what are the branches of the external carotid artery that supply the face?

Answer 39

- facial - branches of maxillary (buccal, mental, infraorbital) - transverse facial branch of superficial temporal artery

Question 40

what branches of the internal carotid artery supply the face?

Answer 40

- zygomaticofacial - zygomaticotemporal - supraorbital - supratrochlear

Question 41

explain the venous drainage of the face:

Answer 41

facial vein drains most of the face to internal jugular vein