Root of the neck & Prevertebral Muscles Flashcards
what is the anterior boundary of the root of the neck?
- top of manubrium
- superior border of clavicle
what is the posterior boundary of the root of neck?
- body of T1
- superior margin of scapula to corocoid process
what is the lateral boundary of root of neck?
- first pair of ribs
- costal cartilages
what is the inferior boundary of the root of the neck?
- superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet)
- axillary inlets
where does the right subclavian artery pass through?
passes through the cervicoaxillary canal into the axilla & upper limb to become the axillary artery
where does the change in name from Subclavian to Axillary artery occur?
the lateral border of the first rib
what is the apex of the lung (summit) located?
-2.5cm above middle 1/3 of clavicle
what is the parietal pleura?
lines pulmonary cavities & adheres to thoracic wall, mediastinum & diaphragm
what is cervical pleura?
the superior continuation of the costal & mediastinal parts of the parietal pleura
what does the cervical pleura form superiorly?
a cup-like dome called the pleural cupola
why is the cervical pleura in children more susceptible to injury?
since it extends higher due to the relatively short length of the neck
why are injuries to the root/base of neck dangerous?
they can compromise the lungs & pleural sacs
where does visceral pleura adhere to?
it adheres very closely to the lungs including in its fissures
what is the suprapleural membrane/Sibson’s fascia?
a strong fibrous connective tissue that is an extension of the endothoracic fascia, reinforces the cervical pleura
what does the suprapleural membrane (Sibson’s fascia) act as a barrier to?
acts as a barrier to prevent changes in intrathoracic pressure
what is the BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK covered by anteriorly?
- sternohyoid
- sternothyroid
What three branches come off from the aortic arch?
1 - brachiocephalic trunk
2 - left common carotid artery
3 - left subclavian artery
where do both subclavian arteries start?
both start posterior to their respective sternoclavicular joints to ascend through the superior thoracic aperture to enter the root of the neck
what lies posterior to the 1st part of the subclavian artery?
- cervical pleurae
- apices of lungs
where does the first part of the subclavian artery lie?
Medical to anterior scalene muscle
where does the 2nd part of the subclavian artery lie?
posterior to anterior scalene muscle
where does the 3rd part of the subclavian artery lie?
lateral to the anterior scalene muscle
what part of the subclavian artery is the longest & most superficial?
3rd part
what lies directly posterior to the 3rd part of the subclavian artery?
trunks of brachial plexus
what are the branch parts that arise from the subclavian artery?
- cervical part
- vertebral part
- suboccipital part
what is the travel path of the vertebral artery?
ascends in neck as cervical part to enter foramen transversarium of C6 & ascends through C1 to C6 as vertebral part
what subclavian artery branches make up the cervical part?
- vertebral artery
- thyrocervical trunk
- internal thoracic artery
what does the vertebral artery eventually become?
the basilar artery
what does the thyrocervical trunk ascend to give off?
- inferior thyroid artery
- transverse cervical artery
- suprascapular artery
what are the terminal branches of the thyrocervical trunk?
- inferior thyroid artery
- ascending cervical artery
what does the costocervical trunk ascend to give off?
Ascends posteromedially & divides into:
- supreme intercostal artery
- deep cervical artery
what are the subclavian vein and subclavian artery divided by?
anterior scalene muscle
what is the function of the subclavian vein?
major venous drainage from upper limb
what is the thoracic duct?
a major lymphatic drainage channel
where can the thoracic duct be found?
between the left internal jugular vein and the left subclavian vein
what is the function of prevertebral muscles?
act to flex & in some areas rotate the head and neck
what are the anterior vertebral muscles?
- longus colli
- longus capitis
- rectus capitis anterior
- anterior scalene
what are the lateral vertebral muscles?
- rectus capitis lateralis
- splenius capitis
- levator scapulae
- middle & posterior scalenes
what is the function of the longus colli?
flexes neck with rotation to opposite side (unilaterally)
what is the function of the longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior & anterior scalene?
flex head
what is the function of the rectus capitis lateralis?
flexes & stabilises head
what is the function of the splenius capitis?
- laterally flexes and rotates head and neck to same side
- bilaterally extends head and neck
what is the function of the middle & posterior scalenes?
- flex neck laterally
- middle scalene elevates 1st rib and 2nd during forced inspiration
what is the function of the levator scapulae?
- elevates scapula & rotates it
