Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the larynx?

A
  • allows air passage in & out of the trachea
  • protective sphincter preventing foreign bodies entering airway
  • organ of phonation
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2
Q

what lies superiorly to the larynx?

A

laryngopharynx

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3
Q

what lies inferiorly to the larynx?

A

trachea

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4
Q

what types of cartilage are found in the larynx?

A
  • hyaline cartilage
  • elastic cartilage
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5
Q

what makes the cricoid cartilage?

A

its a complete ring

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6
Q

what are the different cartilages of the larynx?

A
  • epiglottis
  • thyroid cartilage
  • cricoid cartilage
  • arytenoid cartilage
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7
Q

what shields the arytenoid cartilage?

A

the thyroid cartilage

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8
Q

where is the emergency airway established in the larynx?

A

the median cricothyroid ligament

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9
Q

what larynx cartilage is elastic?

A

the epiglottis

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10
Q

what are the different membranes found in the larynx?

A
  • thyrohyoid membrane
  • quadrangular membrane
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11
Q

what ligaments are found in the larynx?

A
  • median & lateral thyrohyoid ligaments
  • cricothyroid ligament
  • vocal ligament
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12
Q

where is the quadrangular membrane located?

A

from arytenoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage to epiglottis

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13
Q

what are the different folds of the larynx?

A
  • aryepiglottic fold
  • vestibular folds
  • vocal folds
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14
Q

what fold of the larynx forms the laryngeal inlet?

A

the aryepiglottic fold

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15
Q

what is the laryngeal inlet?

A

formed by the aryepiglottic fold & is a protective sphincter of the larynx

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16
Q

where are the vocal folds located?

A

formed over the superior free edge of the cricothyroid ligament

17
Q

what is the space between the vocal folds known as?

A

rima glottidis

18
Q

what are the functions of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A
  • open/close the rima glottidis (abductors/adductors)
  • alter the tension of the vocal folds (tensors/relaxers)
  • open or close the laryngeal inlet (sphincter muscles)
19
Q

what do the vocal & vestibular folds play an important role in?

A

coughing, sneezing & raising intra-abdominal pressure (during lifting heavy objects etc)

20
Q

what is responsible for opening the rima glottidis?

A

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
- abducts the vocal folds opening rima glottidis

21
Q

what causes the closure of the rima glottidis?

A
  • transverse arytenoid muscle
  • lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
22
Q

what muscle causes shortened vocal folds? what does this result in?

A

thyroarytenoid muscle
- reduced tension = lower pitch

23
Q

what muscle lengthens the vocal folds? what does this result in?

A

Cricothyroid muscle
- increased tension = higher pitch

24
Q

what causes closure of the laryngeal inlet?

A

oblique arytenoid muscle

25
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of the larynx supplied by? what is the exception?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve (vagus nerve)

exception is CRICOTHYROID = external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

26
Q

what is the sensory innervation just above the vocal folds?

A

internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (vagus nerve)

27
Q

what supplies sensory innervation to below the vocal folds?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve (vagus nerve)