Lymphatics of the head and neck Flashcards
what is the function of the lymphatic system?
- drainage of surplis tissue fluid and leaked plasma proteins to the bloodstream
- removal of debris from cellular decomposition and infection
what lymphatic structure is found at the left venous angle?
the thoracic duct
where does most of the bodies lymph re-enter the vascular system? what area is the exception?
- the thoracic duct
- the exception is the right superior quadrant
what structures drain into the right lymphatic duct?
- right upper limb
- right side of head & neck
- right side of thorax
how can the lymph nodes of the head be described?
paired lymph nodes (either superficial or deep)
what are the 5 groups of paired superficial lymph nodes located in the head?
- occipital
- posterior auricular
- anterior auricular
- superficial parotid
- facial
In a healthy patient, how would lymph nodes present?
usually small, soft and free/mobile in the surrounding tissue
In a pathological/malignant setting, how would lymph nodes present?
- enlarged
- tender
- hard
how many superficial parotid nodes are there?
up to 10
What area of the face does the posterior auricular, anterior auricular and superficial parotid nodes drain?
- external ear
- lacrimal gland
- adjacent regions of scalp & face
what do the occipital nodes drain?
the scalp of the occipital region
where
where do the superficial lymph nodes of the face empty into?
deep cervical nodes
where are the facial lymph nodes located?
located along the facial vein & split into four subgroups:
- the malar region
- nasolabial
- buccal
- mandibular
What may result in the enlargement of a facial lymph node?
infections of the teeth
what are the deep lymph nodes of the head?
- deep parotid nodes
- retropharyngeal nodes