Superficial Face Flashcards
What are the five layers of the scalp superficial to deep?
____ layer provides a passage for nerves, arteries, and veins. Emissary veins drain ____ layer to dural venous sinuses.
Skin CT Aponeurosis Loose CT Pericranium
CT layer
Loose CT layer
What two arteries come from the internal carotid A and supply the superficial face and scalp?
What three arteries come from the external carotid A and supply the superficial face and scalp?
Supratrochlear A and Supra-orbital A (terminal branches from superior ophthalmic A which arises from internal carotid A)
Superficial temporal A, posterior auricular A, occipital A
What six nerves supply the superficial face and scalp?
Supratrochlear N (CN V1)
Supraorbital N (CN V1)
Zygomaticotemporal N (CN V2)
Auriculotemporal N (CN V3)
Lesser occipital N
Great occipital N
The aponeurosis connects the ____ and ____ muscles.
Failure to repair large horizontal lacerations of the _____ can cause the frontalis muscle to contract asymmetrically. This can cause cosmetic deformity of the forehead.
Closure of galea lacerations is important for protection of the _____ layer that is vulnerable to infection -> could expand into dural venous sinuses
Frontalis and occipitalis m
Aponeurosis
Loose CT
What is the most dangerous layer of the scalp?
Why?…because infection in the subaponeurotic space with pus can readily spread to intracranial sinuses through ____.
4th layer of loose CT (areolar tissue)
Emissary veins
Lacerations to the scalp bleed heavily because:
The pull of the ____ muscle prevents the closure of the bleeding vessel and skin.
The blood vessels to the scalp adhere to dense CT, preventing ____ that normally occurs in response to tissue damage.
The blood supply to the scalp contains many ____ that add to the bleeding.
Does blood loss to the scalp cause bone necrosis?
Occipitofrontalis m
Vasoconstriction
Anastomoses
No, blood supply to the skull is from the middle meningeal A
What are the five branches off the facial A?
Submental A
Inferior labial A
Superior labial A
Lateral nasal A
Angular A
What are four major branches off the external carotid A?
Facial A
Occipital A
Posterior auricular A
Superficial temporal A
____ nerves innervate the anterior head and face; ____ nerves innervate the posterior head and scalp.
What four somatosensory nerves innervate the face and scalp?
What somatomotor nerve innervates the face and scalp?
Cranial; spinal
Trigeminal N (CN V), greater occipital N (C2 dorsal rami), lesser occipital N (C2 ventral rami), greater auricular N (C2 ventral rami, C3 dorsal rami)
Facial N (CN VII)
The V1 ophthalmic division of the trigeminal N has what five branches?
The first two travel through what opening?
Supraorbital N Supratrochlear N Lacrimal N Infratrochlear N External nasal N
Supraorbital foramen
The V2 maxillary division of the trigeminal N has what three branches?
What opening does the first branch travel through?
Infraorbital N
Zygomaticofacial N
Zygomaticotemporal N
Infraorbital groove to infraorbital foramen
The V3 mandibular division of the trigemnial N has what three branches?
What opening do each of these nerves travel through?
Auriculotemporal N: Infratemporal fossa
Buccal N: Infratemporal fossa
Mental N: mental foramen
This disease can follow the trigeminal dermatomes exactly.
Herpes zoster (shingles)
_____ is a sensory disorder of the trigemnial N characterized by sudden attacks of excruciating facial pain.
Affects what two division? How?
Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)
V2, V3
Compression of nerve root by blood vessel
What are the six somatomotor branches off of the facial N that innervate the muscles of facial expression?
Posterior auricular
Temporal branch
Zygomatic branch
Buccal branch
Mandibular/marginal branch
Cervical branch
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