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Human Anatomy II -- Unit 2 -- Zach H. > Superficial Face > Flashcards

Superficial Face Flashcards

1
Q

Which two nerves provide somatosensory innervation for the superficial face?

A

> Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

> Facial Nerve (CN VII)

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2
Q

Which two nerve provide somatomotor innervation to the superficial face?

A

> Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) - muscle of mastication

> Facial Nerve (CN VII) - muscles of facial expression

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3
Q

GSE (general somatic efferent)

A

motor to somatic voluntary skeletal muscle

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4
Q

GSA (general somatic afferent)

A

sensory from skin, joints, muscle, nasal, and oral cavity

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5
Q

GVE (general visceral efferent)

A

autonomic efferents, motor to smooth muscle

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6
Q

GVA (general visceral afferent)

A

sensory to gut, blood vessels, glands and internal organs

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7
Q

SSA (special somatic afferent)

A

special senses - vision, auditory, and vestibular

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8
Q

SVA (special visceral afferent)

A

special senses - taste and smell

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9
Q

SVE (special visceral efferent)

A

motor to voluntary skeletal muscles derived from branchial arches (CN V, VII, IX, X, XI)

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10
Q

Which nerves supply sensory innervation to the superficial face and scalp?

A 
> greater occipital nerve (C2) 
> lesser occipital nerve (C2) 
> greater auricular nerve (C2-C3) 
> trigeminal nerve (CN V) - GSA
> Facial nerve (CN VII) - GSA (only skin of outer ear)
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11
Q

What dorsal rami does the greater occipital nerve arise from?

A

dorsal rami of C2

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12
Q

What specific area does the greater occipital nerve (C2) provide sensory innervation to?

A

Innervates scalp on back of head.

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13
Q

From below what landmark does the greater occipital nerve emerge?

A

Emerges from below suboccipital triangle.

below obliquus capitis inferior muscle

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14
Q

What ventral rami does the lesser occipital nerve arise?

A

ventral rami of C2

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15
Q

What specific area does the lesser occipital nerve (C2) provide sensory innervation to?

A

Innervates scalp on lateral area of head, posterior to ear.

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16
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the scalp on back of the head?

A

greater occipital nerve

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17
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the scalp on lateral area of head, posterior to the ear?

A

lesser occipital nerve

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18
Q

What ventral rami and dorsal rami does the greater auricular nerve arise?

A

Ventral rami of C2 and dorsal rami of C3.

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19
Q

What specific area does the greater auricular nerve (C2,C3) provide sensory innervation to?

A

Innervates skin over parotid gland and mastoid process along with both surfaces of outer ear.

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20
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin over parotid gland and mastoid process along with both surfaces of the outer ear?

A

greater auricular nerve

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21
Q

Which cranial nerve provides sensory innervation to only the skin of the outer ear?

A

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

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22
Q

What specific area does the three branches of the trigeminal nerve provide sensory innervation to?

A

Innervates skin on all of face, forehead, temporal region, oral cavity, skin of outer ear, and external auditory meatus.

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23
Q

Which branch of the trigeminal nerve is CN V1?

A

ophthalmic n.

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24
Q

Which branch of the trigeminal nerve is CN V2?

A

maxillary n.

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25
Which branch of the mandibular nerve is CN V3?
mandibular n.
26
Which two nerve for sensory innervation are general somatic afferent?
> trigeminal nerve (CN V) | > facial nerve (CN VII)
27
Where does the trigeminal nerve branch, V1 - ophthalmic nerve, exit the skull?
superior orbital fissure (SRO-stand room only)
28
Where does the trigeminal nerve branch, V2 - maxillary nerve, exit the skull?
foramen rotundum
29
Where does the trigeminal nerve branch, V3 - mandibular nerve, exit the skull?
foramen ovale
30
What are the major branches of the V1 - ophthalmic nerve?
``` > frontal n. - supraorbital n. - supratrochlear n. > lacrimal n. > nasociliary n. - infratrochlear n. - external nasal n. (from anterior ethmoidal n.) ```
31
Where does the supraorbital nerve, a branch off of the frontal nerve, exit the skull?
supraorbital foramen
32
What specific area does the supraorbital nerve, a branch off of the fontal nerve, provide sensory innervation to?
Skin of lateral forehead and anterior scalp.
33
What specific area does the supratrochlear nerve, a branch off of the frontal nerve, provide sensory innervation to?
Skin on medial forehead.
34
What specific structure does the lacrimal nerve, a branch off of the V1 - ophthalmic nerve, innervate?
Innervates lacrimal gland.
35
What specific area does the infratrochlear nerve, a branch off of the nasociliary nerve, provide sensory innervation to?
Skin lateral to root of nose.
36
What specific area does the external nasal nerve, a branch from the anterior ethmoidal nerve, provide sensory innervation to?
Skin of nasal ala, vestibule, and dorsum of nose.
37
What are the major branches off of the V2 - maxillary nerve that provide sensory innervation?
- infraorbital nerve - zygomaticofacial nerve - zygomaticotemporal nerve
38
Where does the infraorbital nerve, a branch off of the V2 - maxillary nerve, exit the skull?
infraorbital foramen
39
What specific area does the infraorbital nerve, a branch off of the V2 - maxillary nerve, provide sensory innervation to?
> maxillary sinus | > skin of cheek, lateral nose, superior lip
40
What specific area does the zygomaticofacial nerve, a branch off of the zygomatic nerve, provide sensory innervation to?
Skin on prominence of cheek.
41
What specific area does the zygomaticotemporal nerve, a branch off of the zygomatic nerve, provide sensory innervation to?
Anterior part of temporal fossa.
42
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the anterior part of the temporal fossa?
zygomaticotemporal nerve *V2 - maxillary nerve*
43
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin on the prominence of the cheeks?
zygomaticofacial nerve *V2 - maxillary nerve*
44
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the maxillary sinus and the skin of the cheek, lateral nose, and superior lip?
infraorbital nerve *V2 - maxillary nerve*
45
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the nasal ala, vestibule, and dorsum of nose?
external nasal nerve (from anterior ethmoidal nerve) *V1 - ophthalmic nerve*
46
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin lateral to the root of the nose?
infratrochlear nerve *V1 - ophthalmic nerve*
47
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the medial forehead?
supratrochlear nerve *V1 - ophthalmic nerve*
48
Which nerve passes through the supraorbital foramen and provides sensory innervation to the skin of lateral forehead and the anterior scalp?
supraorbital nerve *V1 - ophthalmic nerve*
49
Which nerve innervates the lacrimal gland?
lacrimal nerve *V1 - ophthalmic nerve*
50
What are the 3 major branches off of the V3 - mandibular nerve that provide sensory innervation?
- auriculotemporal nerve - buccal nerve - mental nerve
51
What specific area does the mental nerve, a branch off of the V3 - mandibular nerve, provide sensory innervation to?
Skin of the chin and inferior lip.
52
Through which foramen does the mental nerve pass through?
mental foramen
53
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the chin and inferior lip?
mental nerve *V3 - mandibular nerve*
54
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin and oral mucosa of the cheek and gums?
buccal nerve *V3 - mandibular nerve*
55
What specific area does the buccal nerve, a branch off of the V3 - mandibular nerve, provide sensory innervation to?
Skin and oral mucosa of cheek and gums.
56
What specific area does the auriculotemporal nerve, a branch off of the V3 - mandibular nerve, provide sensory innervation to?
Skin posterior 2/3 of temporal region.
57
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin posterior 2/3 of the temporal region?
auriculotemporal nerve *V3 - mandibular nerve*
58
What are the four muscles of mastication?
- masseter - temporalis - medial pterygoid - lateral pterygoid
59
What nerve provides all motor innervation to the muscles of mastication?
CN V3 (mandibular branch)
60
Which part of the face is the most expressive?
mouth
61
What nerve provides motor innervation to all muscles of facial expression?
CN VII (facial nerve)
62
What is the action of the buccinator muscle?
- compresses cheek | - holds food between teeth during chewing
63
What is the action of the depressor anguli oris muscle?
- draws corners of mouth inferiorly and laterally | * *("frown" muscle)**
64
What is the action of the depressor labii inferioris muscle?
- draws lower lip inferiorly
65
What is the action of the levator anguli oris muscle?
- draws corners of mouth superiorly and laterally | * *("smile" muscle)**
66
What is the action of the mentalis muscle?
- protrudes lower lip ("pout") | - wrinkles chin
67
What is the action of the levator labii superioris muscle?
- opens lips | - raises and furrows the upper lip ("Elvis" lip snarl)
68
What is the action of the orbicularis oris muscle?
- compresses and purses lips ("kiss" muscle)
69
What is the action of the risorius muscle?
- draws corner of lip laterally - tenses lips - synergist of zygomaticus
70
What is the action of the zygomaticus major muscle?
- elevates corner of the mouth ("smile" muscle)
71
What is the action of the zygomaticus minor muscle?
- elevates corner of the mouth ("smile" muscle)
72
Which three muscles of facial expression are the "smile" muscles?
- levator anguli oris - zygomaticus major - zygomaticus minor
73
What is the action of the orbicularis oculi muscle?
- blink/close eyes
74
What is the action of the platysma muscle?
- tense skin of neck
75
What is the action of the frontal belly of occipitofrontalis muscle?
- wrinkle forehead | - raise eyebrows
76
What are the branches of the facial nerve (CN VII)?
> posterior auricular n. - temporal branch - zygomatic branch - buccal branch - mandibular branch - cervical branch **The Zebra Bit My Cheek**
77
Where does the branches of the facial nerve exit the skull through?
Stylomastoid foramen
78
Mandibular branch of Facial nerve (motor innervation).
NOT the same as mandibular n. (which is CN V3) | *sensory innervation*
79
Buccal branch of Facial nerve (motor innervation).
NOT the same as Buccal nerve (which is branch of CN V3). | *sensory innervation*
80
Besides providing motor innervation to muscles of facial expression (GSA), what other functions does the Facial nerve (CN VII) have?
> GSA - sensory to skin of outer ear > SVA - sense of taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue > GVE - parasympathetics (lacrimal gland, submandibular/sublingual salivary glands, and mucous membrane of nasal cavity > GVA - sensory innervation to nasopharynx
81
Which main artery does the 8 branches in total that supply the superficial face and scalp come off of?
External Carotid Arteries
82
What are the arterial supply branches that come off of the external carotid artery and supply the superficial face and scalp?
- facial a. - occipital a. - posterior auricular a. - maxillary a. - superficial temporal a.
83
What is the facial artery a major arterial supply for?
> Major arterial supply to the face. | > Supplies most of the muscles of facial expression.
84
What are the branches that arise off of the facial artery?
- inferior labial - superior labial - lateral nasal - angular
85
What artery supplies most of the muscles of facial expression?
facial artery
86
What specific area does the occipital artery supply?
scalp of the back of the head
87
What artery supplies blood to the scalp of the back of the head?
occipital artery
88
What specific area does the posterior auricular artery supply?
auricle of ear and scalp posterior to auricle
89
What artery supplies blood to the auricle of the ear and to the scalp posterior to the auricle?
posterior auricular artery
90
What is the only superficial branch off of the maxillary artery that runs with the mental nerve to the chin?
mental artery
91
True of False: | Most branches off of the maxillary artery run superficial?
False - most branches run deep, except for the mental branch.
92
What specific area does the superficial temporal artery supply?
facial muscles and skin in temporal region
93
What artery supplies the facial muscles and skin in the temporal region?
superficial temporal artery
94
What are the two superficial branches off of the internal carotid artery that also supply the superficial face and scalp?
- supraorbital artery | - supratrochlear artery
95
What specific area does the supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries supply?
Both supply muscles and skin of forehead and anterior scalp.
96
Which two arteries, from the internal carotid artery) supply muscles and skin of the forehead and anterior scalp?
- supraorbital a. | - supratrochlear a.
97
What is the venous drainage of the superficial face and scalp?
Venous drainage via external jugular veins.
98
Which salivary gland is the largest?
Parotid gland
99
Where is the parotid gland located?
Located laterally in the face, just anterior to the ear.
100
Via what nerve does the parotid gland receive sensory innervation from?
great auricular nerve
101
Where does the parotid gland receive parasympathetic innervation from?
Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX) via posterior auricular n. - GVE
102
What does the parotid gland do?
Parotid duct delivers saliva to oral cavity just lateral to 2nd upper molar teeth.
103
Which bones make up the roof of the orbit?
- lesser wing of sphenoid bone - greater wing of sphenoid bone - orbital surface of zygomatic bone
104
Which bones make up the lateral wall of the orbit?
- inferior extension of frontal bone - greater wing of sphenoid bone - orbital surface of zygomatic bone
105
Which bones make up the medial wall of the orbit?
- sphenoid body - orbital plate of ethmoid bone - frontal process of maxilla - lacrimal bone
106
Which bones make up the floor of the orbit?
- orbital process of palatine bone - orbital surface of maxillary bone - zygomatic bone
107
For the vasculature of the orbit and eyeball, where does most of the arterial supply come from?
Mainly the ophthalmic artery (from internal carotid a.)
108
What is the ophthalmic artery a branch off of?
internal carotid artery
109
What is the venous drainage of the orbit and eyeball via?
Superior and Inferior Ophthalmic Veins
110
What are the layers of the eyeball?
``` >Fibrous layer (outer) -Sclera = opaque outer covering - Cornea = transparent part of sclera > Vascular layer (middle) - Choroid = between sclera and retina; very vascular - Ciliary body = muscular, controls thickness of lens; secretes aqueous humor - Iris > Inner layer - Retina ( visual and nonvisual parts) ```
111
What part of the eye secretes aqueous humor?
Ciliary body
112
Which layer of the eyeball is located between the sclera and retina, and is very vascular?
Choroid
113
What is the anterior chamber of the eyeball located between?
Between cornea and iris/pupil.
114
What is the posterior chamber of the eyeball located between?
Between iris/pupil and lens.
115
Which nerves provide motor innervation to the extrinsic eye muscles?
> General Somatic Efferent (GSE) - occulomotor n. (CN III) - Trochlear n. (CN IV) - Abducens n. (CN VI)
116
What nerves provide autonomic innervation to the eye?
> Autonomics (General Visceral Efferent - GVE) - Parasympathetic from occulomotor n. * pupillary sphincter m. and ciliary m. - parasympathetic from facial n. * lacrimal gland (via greater petrosal n.)
117
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the eye?
> Sensory from CN V1 (General Somatic Afferent - GSA)
118
What nerve provides vision from the eye?
Optic n. (CN I) (Special Somatic Afferent - SSA)
119
What are the 4 rectus muscles of the eye?
- medial rectus - lateral rectus - inferior rectus - superior rectus
120
What are the 2 oblique muscles of the eye?
- inferior oblique | - superior oblique
121
What is the action and innervation of the medial rectus muscle?
Action - moves eyeball medially (adducts eye) | Innervation - CN III (occulomotor nerve)
122
What is the action and innervation of the lateral rectus muscle?
Action - moves eyeball laterally (abducts eye) | Innervation - CN VI (abducens nerve)
123
What is the action and innervation of the inferior rectus muscle?
Action - moves eyeball inferiorly (depresses eye) and medially (adducts eye) Innervation - CN III (occulomotor nerve)
124
What is the action and innervation of the superior rectus muscle?
Action - moves eyeball superiorly (elevates eye) and medially (adducts eye) Innervation - CN III (occulomotor nerve)
125
What is the action and innervation of the inferior oblique muscle?
Action - moves eyeball superiorly (elevates eye) and laterally (abducts eye) Innervation - CN III (occulomotor nerve)
126
What is the action and innervation of the superior oblique muscle?
Action - moves eyeball inferiorly (depresses eye) and laterally (abducts eye) Innervation - CN IV (trochlear nerve)
127
What are the 4 extrinsic eye muscles that are innervated by CN III (occulomotor nerve)?
- medial rectus - inferior rectus - superior rectus - inferior oblique
128
Which extrinsic eye muscle is innervated by CN VI (abducens nerve)?
lateral rectus
129
Which extrinsic eye muscle is innervated by CN IV (trochlear nerve)?
superior oblique
130
Which extrinsic eye muscles medially rotate (adduct) the eye?
- medial rectus - inferior rectus - superior rectus
131
Which extrinsic eye muscles laterally rotate (abduct) the eye?
- lateral rectus - inferior oblique - superior oblique
132
Which extrinsic eye muscle only medially rotates (adducts) the eye?
medial rectus
133
Which extrinsic eye muscle only laterally rotates (abducts) the eye?
lateral rectus
134
Which two extrinsic eye muscles inferiorly rotate (depress) the eye?
- inferior rectus | - superior rectus
135
Which two extrinsic eye muscles superiorly rotate (elevate) the eye?
- superior rectus | - inferior oblique
136
What is the action and innervation of the levator palpebrae superioris?
Action - elevates superior eyelid | Innervation - CN III (occulomotor nerve)
137
Which muscle elevates the superior eyelid?
levator palpebrae superioris
138
What does the iris do?
The iris is pigmented (gives each person their distinct eye color) and is capable of constricting to control how much light enters the pupil.
139
What does the dilator pupillae do to the iris?
- dilates | - under sympathetic control
140
What does the sphincter pupillae do to the iris?
- constricts | - under parasympathetic control
141
Which muscle dilates the pupil?
dilator pupillae
142
Which muscle constricts the pupil?
sphincter pupillae
143
Is dilation of the pupil under parasympathetic or sympathetic control?
sympathetic control
144
Is constriction of the pupil under parasympathetic or sympathetic control?
parasympathetic control
145
Where do parasympathetic fibers travel to?
Sphincter pupillae m. and ciliary body.
146
In accommodation, to view near objects, what happens?
Parasympathetics are activated to contract ciliary muscle. *Ciliary m. relaxed -> tension on suspensory ligaments -> lens stretched out for far vision*
147
In accommodation, to view far objects, what happens?
Parasympathetics are simply removed, allowing the ciliary to relax; no sympathetics involved. *Ciliary m. contracts -> suspensory ligaments relaxed -> lens becomes fatter for near vision*
148
Is sympathetic innervation involved in accommodation to view near or far objects?
No - only parasympathetics.

Human Anatomy II -- Unit 2 -- Zach H. (9 decks)

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