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Human Anatomy II -- Unit 2 -- Zach H. > Posterior Abdominal Wall Musculature, Vasculature, and Lymphatics > Flashcards

Posterior Abdominal Wall Musculature, Vasculature, and Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles make up the posterior abdominal wall?

A 
> Psoas major
> Psoas minor 
> Quadratus lumborum 
> Transversus abdominis 
> Iliacus
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2
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Psoas major?

A

Origin - lateral aspects and transverse processes of vertebral bodies and discs of T12-L5.

Insertion - lesser trochanter of femur via common tendon with iliacus (iliopsoas tendon).

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3
Q

What is the innervation of the Psoas major muscle?

A

L2-L4 via lumbar plexus

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4
Q

What is the action of the Psoas major muscle?

A

> Flexes thigh at hip
With feet fixed flexes trunk on thigh (at the hip joint)
Acting unilaterally = side bends trunk to same side.

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5
Q

What is muscle is the primary hip flexor?

A

Psoas major

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6
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the psoas minor muscle?

A

Origin - lateral aspects of bodies of T12 and L1, plus their intervening discs.

Insertion - pectineal line on superior ramus of pubis.

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7
Q

Where does the innervation for the psoas minor muscle come from?

A

Major Contribution - L1

Somtimes L2

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8
Q

What is the action of the psoas minor muscle?

A

> assists in extension and flexion of trunk

> acting unilaterally = side-bends trunk to same side.

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9
Q

What muscle is the most lateral muscle of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

quadratus lumborum

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10
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the quadratus lumborum muscle?

A

Origin - iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament

Insertion - medial half of inferior border of 12th rib and tips of lumbar transverse processes

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11
Q

Where does the innervation for the quadratus lumborum come from?

A

T12-L4

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12
Q

What is the action of the quadratus lumborum muscle?

A

> Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column.

> Fixes rib 12 during inspiration.

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13
Q

What muscle of the posterior abdominal wall muscles fixes the 12th rib during inspiration?

A

quadratus lumborum

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14
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the iliacus muscle?

A

Origin - iliac fossa of pelvis.

Insertion - lesser trochanter of femur via common iliopsoas tendon.

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15
Q

What is the innervation of the iliacus muscle?

A

Femoral N. (L2-L4)

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16
Q

What is the action of the iliacus muscle?

A

> Flexes thigh at hip.

> With lower limb fixed - flexes pelvis on thigh.

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17
Q

When the lower limb is fixed, what action does the iliacus have?

A

Flexes pelvis on thigh.

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18
Q

How far does the superior surface of the respiratory diaphragm extend upward?

A

As far as 5th rib.

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19
Q

What are the boundaries of the respiratory diaphragm?

A
  • xiphisternal joint
  • costal margin
  • body of T12
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20
Q

What are the three peripheral origins that insert on the central tendon?

A
  • sternal origin
  • costal origin
  • lumbar origin
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21
Q

Is the right or left crus longer?

A

Right curs is longer. Left crus is shorter.

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22
Q

At what landmark do the right and left crus meet?

A

Meet at aortic hiatus.

23
Q

What do posterior origins of the diaphragm form?

A

Arcuate ligaments over posterior wall structures.

24
Q

What major vessel does the median arcuate ligament go over?

A

over aorta

25
Q

What does the medial arcuate ligament go over?

A
  • over psoas major mm.

- sympathetic trunks

26
Q

What ligament goes over the psoas major mm. and the sympathetic trunks?

A

medial arcuate ligaments

27
Q

What ligament goes over the aorta?

A

median arcuate ligaments

28
Q

What do the lateral arcuate ligaments go over?

A
  • over quadratus lumborum

- subcostal nn, aa, and vv.

29
Q

What is another name for the arcuate ligaments?

A

Lumbocostal arches:
> median lumbocostal arch
> medial lumbocostal arch
> lateral lumbocostal arches

30
Q

Where is a potential site of hernias in the abdominal cavity?

A

Vertebrocostal (lumbocostal) Triangle

31
Q

At what vertebra level is the aortic hiatus?

A

T12

32
Q

What passes through the aortic hiatus?

A
  • aorta

- thoracic duct

33
Q

At what vertebra level is the esophageal hiatus?

A

T10

34
Q

What passes through the esophageal hiatus?

A
  • esophagus
  • esophageal branches of left gastric a.
  • anterior and posterior Vagal trunks
  • lymphatics
35
Q

At what vertebra level is the vena caval foramen?

A

T8

36
Q

What passes through the vena caval foramen?

A
  • inferior vena cava
  • terminal branches of right phrenic nerve
  • lymphatics from the liver
37
Q

What passes through the sternocostal hiatus?

A

superior epigastric vessels

38
Q

What is the only motor nerve that goes to the diaphragm?

A

phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)

39
Q

What do the branches of the phrenic nerve run with on its way to the diaphragm?

A

inferior phrenic artery

40
Q

The phrenic nerve is the motor supply to the diaphragm, but what does it carry with it to the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve carries sensory nn. from central tendon.

41
Q

What other nerve carries sensory fibers from the peripheral part of the diaphragm?

A

Intercostal nn. carries sensory fibers from peripheral part.

42
Q

True or False:

We have both parietal and visceral lymphatics.

A

True

43
Q

What are the nerves of the posterior abdominal wall?

A
  • subcostal (L1)
  • iliohypogastric (L1)
  • ilioinguinal (L1)
  • lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh (L2,3)
  • genitofemoral nerve (L1,2)
  • femoral (L2 -L4)
  • obturator nerve (L2-L4)
44
Q

At what vertebra level does the aorta typically bifurcate?

A

L4

45
Q

At which point in the aorta does an abdominal aortic aneurysm typically occur?

A

Aortic bifurcation

46
Q

What do gonadal arteries arise from and at which vertebral level does this typically occur?

A

From aorta at L2.

47
Q

What areas do arteries from the abdominal aorta supply?

A
  • urogential system
  • abdominal wall/diaphragm
  • gut
48
Q

List the arteries that come off of the abdominal aorta.

A
  • celiac a.
  • superior mesenteric a.
  • subcostal a.
  • left renal a.
  • right renal a.
  • left gonadal (testicular or ovarian)
  • inferior mesenter a.
  • suprarenal superior middle a.
  • inferior phrenic
49
Q

Where does the right gonadal (testicular or ovarian) vein drain into?

A

inferior vena cava

50
Q

Where does the left gonadal (testicular or ovarian) vein drain into?

A

left renal vein, which drains into the inferior vena cava

51
Q

List the preaortic and paraortic sympathetic ganglia and plexuses found in the abdominal cavity.

A
  • posterior vagal trunk
  • celiac ganglion and plexus
  • superior mesenteric ganglion and plexus
  • sympathetic trunk and ganglion (lumbar portion)
  • abdominopelvic (greater, lesser, least splanchnic nerves)
  • renal nerve plexus
  • aorticorenal ganglion
52
Q

What two pathways does sympathetic innervation of the gut involve?

A
  • splanchnic

- suprarenal

53
Q

Review sympathetic innervation: splanchnic and suprarenal.

A

Also, draw out the arteries that come off of the abdominal aorta.

Human Anatomy II -- Unit 2 -- Zach H. (9 decks)

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