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Human Anatomy II -- Unit 2 -- Zach H. > Female and Male Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Female and Male Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Which two arteries supply the penis?

A
  • dorsal artery of penis

- deep artery of penis

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2
Q

Where do the dorsal artery of penis and deep artery of penis branch from?

A

internal pudendal artery

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3
Q

Which two arteries supply the scrotum?

A
  • anterior scrotal artery

- posterior scrotal artery

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4
Q

How does the posterior and anterior scrotal artery differ?

A

> external pudendal artery turns into anterior scrotal artery, which branches off of the femoral artery

> posterior scrotal artery branches from the internal pudendal artery

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5
Q

What are the regions traversed by the pudendal nerve?

A
  • pelvis
  • gluteal region
  • pudendal canal
  • deep perineal pouch
  • dorsum of penis
  • superficial perineum (superficial compartment, ischio-anal fossae)
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6
Q

What anterior rami makes up the pudendal nerve?

A

S2-S4 anterior rami of sacral plexus

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7
Q

Which pudendal nerve branches do we need to know?

A 
> deep perineal nerve 
> superficial perineal nerve 
> dorsal nerve of clitoris 
> perineal nerve 
> pudendal nerve
> inferior anal (rectal) nerve
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8
Q

Look over slide 9

A

Nerves of the Pelvis: Sympathetics

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9
Q

Are nerves of the pelvis all autonomics and afferents?

A

Yes

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10
Q

List the nerves of the pelvis?

A

> superior hypogastric plexus

> hypogastric nerves

> inferior hypogastric plexus

> pelvic splanchnics

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11
Q

Are the pelvic splanchnics parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

parasympathetics (S2-S4)

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of the inferior hypogastric nerves?

A
  • made up of pelvic plexus(es)
  • rectal, prostatic, vesical, uterovaginal, etc.
  • sympathetics, parasympathetics, afferents
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13
Q

What is the vagina?

A
  • muscular tube located between the bladder and the rectum and inferior to the uterus
  • about 8 cm long
  • opens through the perineal membrane into the vestibule
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14
Q

What muscle is the vagina supported by?

A

The pubovaginalis part of the levator ani muscle.

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15
Q

Other than the pubovaginalis part of the levator ani, what else supports the vagina?

A

Supported by the perineal membrane.

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16
Q

Where does the female urethra begin?

A

At the internal urethral orifice of the bladder.

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17
Q

What does the female urethra pass through?

A

External urethral sphincter, perineal membrane then through the perineum and vestibule.

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18
Q

What structures is the vagina located between?

A

bladder and rectum

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19
Q

What does the superior part of the vagina surround?

A

cervix of the uterus

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20
Q

What is culdoscopy used for?

A

To examine the uterine tubes or ovaries.

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21
Q

What is used to examine the uterine tubes of ovaries?

A

Culdoscopy

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22
Q

What is culdocentesis used for?

A

To aspirate fluid from the rectouterine pouch.

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23
Q

What technique is used to aspirate fluid from the rectouterine pouch?

A

Culdocentesis

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24
Q

Does the ureter pass inferior or superior to the uterine artery along the lateral sides of the uterus?

A

inferior to the uterine artery

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25
What artery supplies the vagina?
vaginal artery
26
What artery supplies the ovary?
ovarian artery
27
What artery supplies the uterus?
uterine artery
28
What does the ovarian arteries arise from?
abdominal aorta
29
What does the ovarian veins drain into?
inferior vena cava
30
Where does the uterine arteries arise from?
internal iliac arteries
31
Where does the uterine veins drain into?
internal iliac veins
32
Where does the vaginal arteries arise from?
internal iliac arteries
33
Where does the vaginal veins drain into?
internal iliac veins
34
Where do uterine arteries enter the uterus at?
Enter the sides of the uterus through the broad ligament.
35
What do uterine artery branches ascend and descend to anastomose with?
Branches ascend and descend to anastomose with the vaginal arteries and the ovarian arteries.
36
What are the lymphatic drainage of female internal genital organs?
> Superior - internal and external iliac nodes > Middle - internal iliac nodes > Inferior - sacral and common iliac nodes
37
What are the characteristics of the uterus?
- pear-shaped - hollow - muscular - mobile
38
What are the 3 layers of the uterus?
- endometrium - myometrium - perimetrium
39
What transports the ovum to the uterus (about 10 cm)?
uterine tubes
40
What are the distal ends of the uterine tubes open to?
The Peritoneum
41
True or False: The fundus of the uterus is normally anteverted and anteflexed.
True
42
True or False: The axis of the uterus is angled anteriorly (relative to the vagina) and the top of the fundus "flexes" anteriorly over the bladder.
True
43
What can push the uterus inferiorly?
if the uterus is not anteverted and antiflexed, increased intra-abdominal pressure can push the uterus inferiorly
44
What can contribute to the prolapse of the uterus?
If the uterus is not anteverted and antiflexed, increased intra-abdominal pressure can push the uterus inferiorly - contributing to prolapse of the uterus.
45
What is the broad ligament of the uterus?
Broad ligament of the uterus is a double layer of peritoneum that "drapes" over the uterus and associated structures.
46
List the uterine ligaments.
- round ligament of the uterus - suspensory ligament of the ovary - ovarian ligament - broad ligament - transverse cervical ligaments - sacrouterine ligaments
47
What is the broad ligament?
A peritoneal fold that attaches the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries to the pelvis.
48
True or False: The broad ligament also encloses the roundligament of the uterus as it extends from the anterior-lateral part of the uterus to the deep inguinal ring.
True
49
What is the transverse cervical ligaments?
Condensations of endopelvic fascia that support the uterus.
50
What do the transverse cervical ligaments attach to?
The lateral sides of the uterus and vagina.
51
What ligaments attach to the lateral sides of the uterus and vagina?
Transverse cervical ligaments.
52
What are uterosacral ligaments condensations of?
Endopelvic fascia that extend from the sides of the cervix to the sacrum.
53
Which ligaments extend from the sides of the cervix to the sacrum?
Uterosacral ligaments, which are condensations of endopelvic fascia.
54
True or False: While the ligaments help to support the uterus, the levator ani muscle and the perineal body are extremely important in preventing prolapse of pelvic structures.
True
55
What structures are extremely important in preventing the prolapse of pelvic structures?
While the ligaments help to support the uterus, the levator ani muscle and the perineal body are extremely important in preventing prolapse of pelvic structures.
56
What are ovaries located near?
The attachment of the broad ligament to the lateral pelvic wall.
57
What are the ovaries suspended from the lateral pelvic wall by?
Suspensory ligament of the ovary - which contains ovarian arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatics.
58
What does the suspensory ligament of the ovary do?
The suspensory ligament of the ovary, which contains the ovarian arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatics, suspends the ovaries from the lateral pelvic wall.
59
What is the inferior part of the vagina innervated by?
Innervated by somatic branches from the internal pudendal nerve.
60
What is the middle and superior parts of the vagina and the uterus innervated by?
Innervated by visceral nn.: > uterovaginal plexus (part of the pelvic plexus) > sympathetics from lumbar splanchnics > parasympathetics from pelvic splanchnics S2, S3, S4 (motor to the uterus and vagina)
61
In-between which vertebra is anesthetic agent injected into the subarachnoid space?
L3-L4
62
What happens when anesthetic agent is injected into the subarachnoid space between L3 and L4?
Produces complete anesthesia below the waist - thus, uterine contractions cannot be felt.
63
Does peripheral nerve blocks allow sensation of uterine contractions?
Yes - allows sensation of uterine contractions.
64
What does the pudendal block, block?
Blocks S2, S3, and S4 dermatomes and the inferior part of the vagina.
65
What kind of block blocks S2, S3, and S4 dermatomes and the inferior part of the vagina?
pudendal block
66
What is the landmark for a physician for a pudendal block?
sacrospinous ligament is the landmark
67
What kind of block must also be performed to abolish sensation in the anterior vulva?
ilioinguinal block
68
True or False: During peripheral nerve blocks, the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (perineal branches) may also need to be anesthetized.
True
69
What are the 4 parts of the male urethra, starting from the bladder?
1. intramural part 2. prostatic urethra 3. membranous urethra 4. spongy urethra
70
Is Dartos fascia or Bucks fascia most anterior?
Dartos fascia (superficial fascia of the penis)
71
What does the bulbourethral glands open into?
open into spongy urethra
72
What do the secretions of the bulbourethral glands do?
Mucus-like secretions that lubricate the urethra.
73
Bulbourethral Glands
- superior to perineal membrane | - embedded within sphincter urethrae (external urethral sphincter)
74
Look over and identify the male urethra.
- urethral crest - urethral sinus - seminal colliculus - prostatic utricle
75
Which lymphatic nodes does the prostate drain into?
primarily to internal iliac nodes
76
Which lymphatic nodes does the bladder drain into?
primarily external iliac nodes
77
Which lymphatic nodes does the perineal structures drain into?
primarily to superficial inguinal nodes

Human Anatomy II -- Unit 2 -- Zach H. (9 decks)

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