Renal System Flashcards
What are the components of the renal system?
- kidneys
- suprarenal glands
- ureters
- urinary bladder
- urethra
What is the position of the IVC relative to abdominal aorta?
IVC is on the right side of the abdominal aorta.
Where are the ureters in relation to the gonadal vessels?
The ureters pass posterior (behind) the gonadal vessels.
Where are the ureters in relation to the great vessels (e.g., common iliac arteries)?
ureters pass anterior (in front) of common iliac arteries at the bifurcation to external and internal iliac arteries
What is the position of the left kidney in relation to the spine?
- superior pole of left kidney is at T11
- inferior pole of let kidney is in-between L2 and L3
What is the position of the right kidney in relation to the spine?
- superior pole of right kidney is at T12
- inferior pole of left kidney is in-between L3 and L4
Which kidney sits higher than the other?
Left kidney is higher than the right kidney.
At what vertebral level does the ureter exit the left kidney?
L1
At what vertebral level does the ureter exit the right kidney?
L2
Is the kidney located inferior or posterior to the quadratus lumborum?
anterior to the quadratus lumborum
What type of fascia encases the deep back muscles and quadratus lumborum?
Thoracolumbar fascia (anterior, middle, and posterior layers).
Which layer of thoracolumbar fasic is on the anterior border of the quadratus lumborum?
anterior thoracolumbar fascia
Which layer of thoracolumbar fascia is on the posterior border of the quadratus lumborum?
middle thoracolumbar fascia
Which two portions of the thoracolumbar fascia surrounds the deep back muscles?
posterior and middle layers of thoracolumbar fascia
Which two portions of the thoracolumbar fascia surround the quadratus lumborum?
anterior and middle layers of thoracolumbar fascia
What surrounds the kidney?
perinephric fat (perirenal fat capsule)
What separates the perinephric fat (perirenal fat capsule) from the paranephric fat (pararenal fat body)?
anterior/posterior layer of renal fascia
Starting at the quadratus lumborum, what are the layers found between it and the kidney?
anterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia ->paranephric fat (pararenal fat body) -> renal fascia (posterior layer) -> perinephric fat (perirenal fat capsule) -> renal capsule of kidney
Look over the surface kidney anatomy.
Slide 32:
- suprarenal gland
- renal artery
- renal vein
- renal pelvis
- ureter
- inferior pole
- medial margin
- renal hilum
- anterior surface
- lateral margin
- superior pole
What are the five renal segments?
- inferior segment
- antero-inferior segment
- anterosuperior segment
- posterior segment
- superior segment
What artery supplies the superior (apical) segment?
superior (apical) segmental artery
What artery supplies the anterosuperior segment?
anterosuperior segmental artery
What artery supplies the antero-inferior segment?
antero-inferior segmental artery
What artery supplies the posterior segment?
posterior segmental artery
What artery supplies the inferior segment?
inferior segmental artery
After secretion, what pathway does urine run?
from renal papillae to minor calyses, to major calyses to the renal pelvis and finally the ureter
What is a pyleogram used to diagnose?
kidney stones
What are the 3 constriction areas where kidney stones typically get lodged?
1) where renal pelvis empties into ureter
2) where the ureter crosses anterior to the linea terminalis
3) where the ureter enters the bladder
