Renal System

Question 1

What are the components of the renal system?

Answer 1

• kidneys
• suprarenal glands
• ureters
• urinary bladder
• urethra

Question 2

What is the position of the IVC relative to abdominal aorta?

Answer 2

IVC is on the right side of the abdominal aorta.

Question 3

Where are the ureters in relation to the gonadal vessels?

Answer 3

The ureters pass posterior (behind) the gonadal vessels.

Question 4

Where are the ureters in relation to the great vessels (e.g., common iliac arteries)?

Answer 4

ureters pass anterior (in front) of common iliac arteries at the bifurcation to external and internal iliac arteries

Question 5

What is the position of the left kidney in relation to the spine?

Answer 5

• superior pole of left kidney is at T11

- inferior pole of let kidney is in-between L2 and L3

Question 6

What is the position of the right kidney in relation to the spine?

Answer 6

• superior pole of right kidney is at T12

- inferior pole of left kidney is in-between L3 and L4

Question 7

Which kidney sits higher than the other?

Answer 7

Left kidney is higher than the right kidney.

Question 8

At what vertebral level does the ureter exit the left kidney?

Answer 8

L1

Question 9

At what vertebral level does the ureter exit the right kidney?

Answer 9

L2

Question 10

Is the kidney located inferior or posterior to the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 10

anterior to the quadratus lumborum

Question 11

What type of fascia encases the deep back muscles and quadratus lumborum?

Answer 11

Thoracolumbar fascia (anterior, middle, and posterior layers).

Question 12

Which layer of thoracolumbar fasic is on the anterior border of the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 12

anterior thoracolumbar fascia

Question 13

Which layer of thoracolumbar fascia is on the posterior border of the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 13

middle thoracolumbar fascia

Question 14

Which two portions of the thoracolumbar fascia surrounds the deep back muscles?

Answer 14

posterior and middle layers of thoracolumbar fascia

Question 15

Which two portions of the thoracolumbar fascia surround the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 15

anterior and middle layers of thoracolumbar fascia

Question 16

What surrounds the kidney?

Answer 16

perinephric fat (perirenal fat capsule)

Question 17

What separates the perinephric fat (perirenal fat capsule) from the paranephric fat (pararenal fat body)?

Answer 17

anterior/posterior layer of renal fascia

Question 18

Starting at the quadratus lumborum, what are the layers found between it and the kidney?

Answer 18

anterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia ->paranephric fat (pararenal fat body) -> renal fascia (posterior layer) -> perinephric fat (perirenal fat capsule) -> renal capsule of kidney

Question 19

Look over the surface kidney anatomy.

Answer 19

Slide 32:

• suprarenal gland
• renal artery
• renal vein
• renal pelvis
• ureter
• inferior pole
• medial margin
• renal hilum
• anterior surface
• lateral margin
• superior pole

Question 20

What are the five renal segments?

Answer 20

• inferior segment
• antero-inferior segment
• anterosuperior segment
• posterior segment
• superior segment

Question 21

What artery supplies the superior (apical) segment?

Answer 21

superior (apical) segmental artery

Question 22

What artery supplies the anterosuperior segment?

Answer 22

anterosuperior segmental artery

Question 23

What artery supplies the antero-inferior segment?

Answer 23

antero-inferior segmental artery

Question 24

What artery supplies the posterior segment?

Answer 24

posterior segmental artery

Question 25

What artery supplies the inferior segment?

Answer 25

inferior segmental artery

Question 26

After secretion, what pathway does urine run?

Answer 26

from renal papillae to minor calyses, to major calyses to the renal pelvis and finally the ureter

Question 27

What is a pyleogram used to diagnose?

Answer 27

kidney stones

Question 28

What are the 3 constriction areas where kidney stones typically get lodged?

Answer 28

1) where renal pelvis empties into ureter
2) where the ureter crosses anterior to the linea terminalis
3) where the ureter enters the bladder