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Anatomy Exam 3 > Superficial Back > Flashcards

Superficial Back Flashcards

1
Q

External occipital protuberance

A

projection on the external surface of the squamous part of the occipital bone in the midline

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2
Q

Vertebra Prominens

A

Long spinous process of C7. Disappears when head is extended

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3
Q

T1 Spinous Process

A

Another prominent spinous process. Does not disappear when head is extended

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4
Q

Sacrum

A

Fusion of 5 sacral vertebrae. Large triangular bone

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5
Q

Iliac Crest

A

Superior lateral boundaries of pelvic girdle

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6
Q

Teres Major

A

medial rotator and adductor of the humerus and assists the latissimus dorsi in drawing the previously raised humerus downward and backward (extension, but not hyper extension). It also helps stabilize the humeral head in the glenoid cavity

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7
Q

Dermatome

A

Area of the skin innervated by fibers from a single spinal nerve or spinal cord segment. Dermatome maps have been developed from clinical studies. Adjacent dermatomes have some area of overlap. Dermatome maps can be used for clinical sensory testing.

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8
Q

Superficial Fascia

A

Subcutaneous tissue (tissue immediately below the skin). Found between the skin and the deep fascia. Covers most of the body, storage area for body fat. Not very well organized

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9
Q

Deep fascia

A

Strong, dense, well organized layer of connective tissue. Located deep to the superficial fascia and contains NO fat. Where muscles attach to bones the deep fascia becomes continuous with periosteum. Helps form compartments in the body. Divides into different layers: Investing layer of deep fascia, intermuscular septa, and retinaculum

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10
Q

Investing layer of deep fascia

A

AKA Superficial layer of deep fascia. Invests (covers) deeper structures. Extensions from the deep surface of the deep fascia invests deeper structures such as muscles and neurovascular bundles

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11
Q

Intermuscular septa

A

separates muscles into groups

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12
Q

Retinaculum

A

thickening of the deep fascia across tendons of muscles at joints

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13
Q

Muscles of the back

A

Three types of muscles of the back: superficial back muscles, intermediate back muscles, and deep back muscles

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14
Q

Superficial back muscles

A

Also known as axioappendicular muscles. Attach to upper limb (appendicular skeleton) to axial skeleton. muscles of the superficial group originate from the bony structures of the back and insert on the bones of upper limb. Since they act to move the upper limb and not the back, they are, therefore, EXTRINSIC back muscles. Since they are upper limb muscles they are supplied by the VENTRAL PRIMARY RAMI and not by the dorsal primary rami. Included in these are Trapezius, latissmus dorsi, levator scapulae, and rhomboid major and minor.

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15
Q

Intermediate back muscles

A

Extrinsic muscles. Involved in the act of respiration by acting on the chest wall. Innervated by ventral primary rami.

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16
Q

Deep back muscles

A

The deep back muscles are the true (intrinsic) muscles of the back. These muscles are the primary movers of the back. Innervated by the DORSAL primary ramus.

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17
Q

Trapezius

A

Superficial back muscle. Provides direct attachment of pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton (trunk). Flat triangular muscle. Helps to suspend the upper limb from the trunk. The two muscles, one on each side of the vertebral column, form a trapezoid (4 sided) structure. Covers back of neck and upper half of the trunk. Attaches the pectoral girdle to the skull and vertebral column. Muscle fibers are divided into three parts.

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18
Q

Trapezius origin

A

Occipital Bone, Ligamentum nuchae, Spinous process of C7 - T12

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19
Q

Trapezius Insertion

A

Clavicle (lateral 1/3), Acromion and spine of scapula

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20
Q

Trapezius Nerve Supply

A

Motor: Cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory nerve). Sensory: C3, C4 (ventral primary rami) - pain and proprioception

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21
Q

Trapezius Blood Supply

A

Superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery. Located on the deep surface of the muscle

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22
Q

Trapezius Action

A

Holds upper limb to trunk. Adducts (retract) scapula (middle fibers). Raises scapula (upper fibers). Depresses scapula (lower fibers). Rotates scapula so that the inferior angle is moved laterally for abduction of upper limb above horizontal position.

23
Q

Trapezius Clinical Correlations

A

Nerve injury results in drooping of scapula (shoulder) also known as shoulder drop. To test its strength, the shoulder is shrugged against resistance

24
Q

Latissmus Dorsi

A

Superficial back muscle. Very broad and flat muscle. Covers inferior half of the back (T6 to iliac crest). Attaches from upper limb to trunk. Acts on the shoulder joint

25
Q

Latissmus Dorsi Origin

A

Spinous process of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and lower 3/4 ribs

26
Q

Latissmus Dorsi Insertion

A

Humerus (at intertubercular groove) between Teres major and Pectoralis major

27
Q

Latissmus Dorsi Nerve Supply

A

Thoracodorsal Nerve (C6, C7, C8 level of spinal cord) from brachial plexus

28
Q

Latissmus Dorsi Blood Supply

A

Thoracodorsal Artery

29
Q

Latissmus Dorsi Action

A

Pulls arm posteriorly (extends the arm) and rotates medially. Used in chopping wood or crawl stroke in swimming. Adducts, extends, and medially rotates the humerus at the shoulder joint. Along the pectoralis major, it is a powerful adductor of the arm.

30
Q

Latissmus Dorsi Clinical Correlation

A

Nerve damage results in an inability to raise the trunk with upper limbs during climbing

31
Q

Triangle of auscultation

A

Small triangular gap between muscles near inferior angle of scapula. Bounded by trapezius, latissmus dorsi, and medial border of scapula. Good place to listen for respiratory sounds with stethoscope as sounds are less muffled.

32
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Superficial back muscle. A strap-like muscle located in the neck and the upper part of the thorax. The upper part lies deep to the sternocleidomastoid and the inferior part lies deep to the trapezius muscle.

33
Q

Levator scapulae origin

A

Transverse processes of first three or four cervical vertebrae

34
Q

Levator scapulae insertion

A

Superior angle of scapula and along its upper medial border

35
Q

Levator scapulae blood supply

A

Dorsal scapular artery (branch of axillary a) or deep branch of transverse cervical artery

36
Q

Levator scapulae nerve supply

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) and 3rd & 4th cervical nerves

37
Q

Levator scapulae action

A

Elevates scapula. Rotates scapula to move the glenoid cavity and shoulder joint inferiorly

38
Q

Rhomboid Major and Minor

A

Superficial back muscle. One sheet of muscle, lies deep to the trapezius muscle. Upper portion is the rhomboid minor, lower bigger portion is the rhomboid major.

39
Q

Rhomboid Major and Minor origin

A

Spines of lower cervical (C7) and upper thoracic (T1-T5) vertebrae

40
Q

Rhomboid Major and Minor Insertion

A

Medial border of scapula

41
Q

Rhomboid Major and Minor Blood Supply

A

Dorsal scapular artery

42
Q

Rhomboid Major and Minor Nerve Supply

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (ventral ramus of C5) and some fibers from C4

43
Q

Rhomboid Major and Minor Action

A

Adduct scapula. Rotate scapula so the glenoid cavity moves inferiorly

44
Q

Rhomboid Major and Minor Clinical Correlation

A

Injury to the dorsal scapular nerve results in inability to adduct the scapula

45
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior

A

Intermediate back muscle. Located deep to the rhomboid muscles.

46
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior Origin

A

Ligamentum nuchae and spines of C7 to T3 vertebrae

47
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior Insertion

A

2nd to 4th ribs

48
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior Nerve Supply

A

First three thoracic spinal nerves. VENTRAL primary rami.

49
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior Action

A

Elevates Ribs

50
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

Intermediate back muscle. Located at junction of thoracic and lumbar regions.

51
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior Origin

A

T11 to L2 Vertebral spines

52
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior Insertion

A

Lower four ribs

53
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior Action

A

Aids in respiration by holding ribs steady when diaphragm moves up

54
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior Nerve Supply

A

Last 4 thoracic nerves

Anatomy Exam 3 (8 decks)

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