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Superficial Back Flashcards

1
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the superficial back?

A

external occipital protuberance

spinous process of C7 (vertebra prominence), T1

spine of scapula

sacrum

iliac crest

inferior angle of scapula

latissimus dorsi, teres major, trapezius

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2
Q

What are the categories of the skin of the superficial back that we are interested in?

A

Innervation and Fascia

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3
Q

What is the name of the areas of the skin innervated by fibers from a single spinal nerve or spinal cord segment?

A

dermatomes

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4
Q

These kinds of maps of the innervation of the skin of the superficial back have been developed from clinical studies

A

dermatome

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5
Q

Adjacent of these that innervate the skin of the superficial back overlap

A

dermatomes

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6
Q

Maps of these on the superficial back can be used for clinical sensory testing

A

dermatomes

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7
Q

What’s another name for teal subcutanea?

A

superficial fascia

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8
Q

What is the subcutaneous tissue (tissue immediately below the skin) called?

A

superficial fascia

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9
Q

What is found between the skin and the deep fascia?

A

superficial fascia

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10
Q

How much of the body does superficial fascia cover?

A

most of it

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11
Q

What, on the superficial back, is a storage area for body fat?

A

superficial fascia

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12
Q

What, on the superficial back, is not very well organized

A

superficial fascia

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13
Q

What, on the superficial back, is a strong, dense, well organized layer of connective tissue?

A

deep fascia

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14
Q

What are the two types of fascia on the superficial back?

A

superficial fascia and deep fascia

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15
Q

What, on the superficial back, is located deep to the superficial fascia and contains no fat?

A

deep fascia

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16
Q

What becomes continuous with periosteum where muscles attach to bones?

A

deep fascia

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17
Q

What, on the superficial back, helps form compartments in the body?

A

deep fascia

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18
Q

What divides into different layers on the superficial back?

A

deep fascia

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19
Q

What are the different layers that the deep fascia of the superficial back divides into?

A

Investing layer of the deep fascia

Intermuscular septa

Retinaculum

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20
Q

What layer of deep fascia invests (covers) the deep structures of the superficial back?

A

investing layer of deep fascia

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21
Q

In what layer of the deep fascia of the superficial back do extensions from the deep surface of the invest deeper structures such as muscles and neurovascular bundles.

A

investing layer of deep fascia

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22
Q

What layer of deep fascia in the superficial back separates muscles into groups?

A

Intermuscular septa

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23
Q

What layer of deep fascia in the superficial back is the thickening of the deep fascia across tendons of muscles at joints?

A

retinaculum

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24
Q

What are the three layers of back muscles called?

A

Superficial back muscles (extrinsic)

Intermediate back muscles (extrinsic)

Deep back muscles (intrinsic)

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25
What is another name for the superficial back muscles?
axioappendicular muscles
26
Which muscles of the back attach the upper limb (appendicular skeleton) to the axial skeleton?
superficial back muscles
27
What are the superficial back muscles?
trapezius latissimus dorsi levator scapulae rhomboid major and minor
28
Which muscles of the back originate from the bony structures of the back and insert on the ones of the upper limb?
superficial back muscles
29
Since they act to move the upper limb and not the back, what are the superficial back muscles known as?
extrinsic back muscles
30
Since they are upper limb muscles, the superficial back muscles are supplied by which rami?
The ventral primary rami and NOT the dorsal primary rami.
31
What are the intermediate back muscles?
serratus posterior superior | serratus posterior inferior
32
What muscles of the back are involved in respiration by acting on the chest wall?
intermediate back muscles (serratus posterior superior/inferior)
33
By which rami are the intermediate back muscles (serratus posterior superior/inferior) innervated?
ventral primary rami
34
Which category of muscles are the true (intrinsic) muscles of the back?
deep back muscles
35
Which muscles are the primary movers of the back?
deep back muscles
36
Which rami innervate the deep back muscles?
the dorsal primary rami
37
Which flat, triangular, superficial back muscle provides direct attachment of pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton (trunk)?
Trapezius
38
What superficial back muscle helps to suspend the upper limb from the trunk?
Trapezius
39
The two muscles, one on each side of the vertebral column, form a trapezoid (4 sided) structure in this superficial muscle of the back.
Trapezius
40
What superficial back muscle covers back of neck and upper half of the trunk?
Trapezius
41
What superficial back muscle attaches the pectoral girdle to the skull and vertebral column?
Trapezius
42
The muscle fibers of this superficial back muscle are divided into three parts.
Trapezius
43
What is the origin of the trapezius muscle?
Occipital bone Ligamentum nuchae Spinous process of C7 - T12
44
What is the insertion of the trapezius muscle?
Clavicle (lateral 1/3) Acromion and spine of scapula
45
What is the motor innervation of the trapezius?
CN XI (spinal accessory nerve)
46
What is the pain and proprioception innervation of the trapezius?
C3, C4 (ventral primary rami)
47
Nerve injury to which muscle results in drooping of the scapula (shoulder) also known as shoulder drop?
Trapezius
48
To test this muscle's strength, the shoulder is shrugged against resistance
Trapezius
49
What is the blood supply of the trapezius?
Superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery.
50
Where is the blood supply of the trapezius located on the muscle?
deep surface
51
Which superficial back muscle holds upper limb to trunk?
Trapezius
52
Which superficial back muscle adducts (retracts) scapula (middle fibers)?
Trapezius
53
Which superficial back muscle raises scapula (upper fibers)?
Trapezius
54
Which superficial back muscle rotates scapula so that the inferior angle is moved laterally for abduction of upper limb above horizontal position?
Trapezius
55
Which superficial back muscle is a broad flat muscle that covers inferior half of the back (T6 to iliac crest)?
Latissimus dorsi
56
Which superficial back muscle attaches the upper limb to the trunk?
Latissimus dorsi
57
What joint does the Latissimus dorsi act on?
shoulder
58
What is the origin of the Latissimus dorsi?
spinous process of lower six thoracic vertebrae thoracolumbar fascia iliac crest and lower 3 or 4 ribs
59
What is the insertion of the Latissimus dorsi?
humerus (intertubercular groove) -- between Teres major and Pectoralis major
60
What is the nerve supply of the Latissimus dorsi?
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8 level of spinal cord) from the brachial plexus
61
What is the blood supply of the Latissimus dorsi?
Thoracodorsal artery
62
What superficial back muscle pulls arm posteriorly (extends arm) and rotates medially
Latissimus dorsi
63
What superficial back muscle is used in chopping wood or crawl stroke in swimming?
Latissimus dorsi
64
What superficial back muscle adducts, extends, and medially rotates the humerus at the shoulder joint?
Latissimus dorsi
65
What superficial back muscle is a powerful adductor of the arm along with the pectoralis major?
Latissimus dorsi
66
Damage to which superficial back muscle would result in the inability to raise the trunk with upper limbs during climbing?
Latissimus dorsi
67
What is the name of the small triangular gap between muscles near the inferior angle of scapula?
Triangle of auscultation
68
What are the boundaries of the Triangle of auscultation?
trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and medial border of scapula
69
What area on the back is a good place for respiratory sounds with a stethoscope because they are less muffled here?
Triangle of auscultation
70
What superficial back muscle is a strap-like muscle located in the neck and the upper part of the thorax?
Levator scapulae
71
The upper part of this superficial back muscle lies deep to the sternocleidomastoid and the inferior part lies deep to the trapezius muscles.
Levator scapulae
72
Which superficial back muscle takes its origin at the transverse processes of the first three or four cervical vertebrae?
Levator scapulae
73
Which superficial back muscle inserts at the superior angle of the scapula along its upper medial border?
Levator scapulae
74
What is the blood supply of the levator scapulae?
dorsal scapular artery (branch of axillary artery) or deep branch of transverse cervical artery
75
What is the innervation of the levator scapulae?
dorsal scapular nerve (C5) and 3rd and 4th cervical nerves
76
What is the action of the levator scapulae muscle?
elevates scapula rotates scapula to move the glenoid cavity and shoulder joint inferiorly
77
Which superficial back muscle is one sheet of muscle that lies deep to the trapezius muscle?
Rhomboid major and minor
78
What is the upper part of the rhomboid called?
rhomboid minor
79
What is the lower, bigger part of the rhomboid called?
rhomboid major
80
What is the origin of the rhomboid major and minor muscle?
spines of lower cervical (C7) and upper thoracic (T1 - T5) vertebrae
81
What is the insertion of the rhomboid major and minor muscle?
medial border of the scapula
82
What is the blood supply of the rhomboid major and minor muscle?
dorsal scapular artery
83
What is the action of the rhomboid major and minor muscle?
Adduct scapula Rotate scapula so the glenoid cavity moves inferiorly
84
What is the nerve supply of the rhomboid major and minor muscle?
Dorsal scapular nerve (ventral ramus of C5) and some fibers from C4
85
Injury to the dorsal scapular nerve results in the inability of the rhomboid major and minor muscle to do what?
adduct the scapula
86
What are the intermediate back muscles
Serratus posterior superior Serratus posterior inferior
87
Which intermediate back muscle is located deep to the rhomboid muscles?
serratus posterior superior
88
What is the origin of the serratus posterior superior muscle?
ligamentum nuchae and spines of C7 to T3 vertebrae
89
What is the insertion of the serratus posterior superior muscle?
2nd to 4th ribs
90
What is the innervation of the serratus posterior superior muscle?
first three thoracic spinal nerves
91
What is the action of the serratus posterior superior muscle?
elevates ribs
92
What is the origin of the serratus posterior inferior muscle?
T11 to L2 vertebral spines
93
What is the insertion of the serratus posterior inferior muscle?
lower four ribs
94
What is the action of the serratus posterior inferior muscle?
aids in respiration by holding ribs steady when diaphragm moves up
95
What is the innervation of the serratus posterior inferior muscle?
last four thoracic nerves
96
If during a surgical procedure, T9 - T12 nerves are damaged, which of the back muscles would be affected?
serratus posterior
97
During a physical exam, you notice that the patient has one shoulder lower than the other (drooping of the shoulder). This condition can result from damage to which muscle(s)?
Levator scapulae and Trapezius
98
You notice that a patient is unable to extend his arm at the shoulder joint. You expect nerve damage to the muscle responsible for this action. Which group of nerves might be involved?
C6 - C8
99
What do the rhomboid major and minor act to do to the scapula?
Rotate AND adduct

Anatomy (17 decks)

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