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Anatomy > Superficial Back > Flashcards

Superficial Back Flashcards

1
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the superficial back?

A

external occipital protuberance

spinous process of C7 (vertebra prominence), T1

spine of scapula

sacrum

iliac crest

inferior angle of scapula

latissimus dorsi, teres major, trapezius

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2
Q

What are the categories of the skin of the superficial back that we are interested in?

A

Innervation and Fascia

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3
Q

What is the name of the areas of the skin innervated by fibers from a single spinal nerve or spinal cord segment?

A

dermatomes

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4
Q

These kinds of maps of the innervation of the skin of the superficial back have been developed from clinical studies

A

dermatome

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5
Q

Adjacent of these that innervate the skin of the superficial back overlap

A

dermatomes

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6
Q

Maps of these on the superficial back can be used for clinical sensory testing

A

dermatomes

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7
Q

What’s another name for teal subcutanea?

A

superficial fascia

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8
Q

What is the subcutaneous tissue (tissue immediately below the skin) called?

A

superficial fascia

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9
Q

What is found between the skin and the deep fascia?

A

superficial fascia

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10
Q

How much of the body does superficial fascia cover?

A

most of it

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11
Q

What, on the superficial back, is a storage area for body fat?

A

superficial fascia

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12
Q

What, on the superficial back, is not very well organized

A

superficial fascia

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13
Q

What, on the superficial back, is a strong, dense, well organized layer of connective tissue?

A

deep fascia

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14
Q

What are the two types of fascia on the superficial back?

A

superficial fascia and deep fascia

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15
Q

What, on the superficial back, is located deep to the superficial fascia and contains no fat?

A

deep fascia

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16
Q

What becomes continuous with periosteum where muscles attach to bones?

A

deep fascia

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17
Q

What, on the superficial back, helps form compartments in the body?

A

deep fascia

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18
Q

What divides into different layers on the superficial back?

A

deep fascia

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19
Q

What are the different layers that the deep fascia of the superficial back divides into?

A

Investing layer of the deep fascia

Intermuscular septa

Retinaculum

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20
Q

What layer of deep fascia invests (covers) the deep structures of the superficial back?

A

investing layer of deep fascia

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21
Q

In what layer of the deep fascia of the superficial back do extensions from the deep surface of the invest deeper structures such as muscles and neurovascular bundles.

A

investing layer of deep fascia

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22
Q

What layer of deep fascia in the superficial back separates muscles into groups?

A

Intermuscular septa

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23
Q

What layer of deep fascia in the superficial back is the thickening of the deep fascia across tendons of muscles at joints?

A

retinaculum

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24
Q

What are the three layers of back muscles called?

A

Superficial back muscles (extrinsic)

Intermediate back muscles (extrinsic)

Deep back muscles (intrinsic)

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25
Q

What is another name for the superficial back muscles?

A

axioappendicular muscles

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26
Q

Which muscles of the back attach the upper limb (appendicular skeleton) to the axial skeleton?

A

superficial back muscles

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27
Q

What are the superficial back muscles?

A

trapezius

latissimus dorsi

levator scapulae

rhomboid major and minor

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28
Q

Which muscles of the back originate from the bony structures of the back and insert on the ones of the upper limb?

A

superficial back muscles

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29
Q

Since they act to move the upper limb and not the back, what are the superficial back muscles known as?

A

extrinsic back muscles

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30
Q

Since they are upper limb muscles, the superficial back muscles are supplied by which rami?

A

The ventral primary rami and NOT the dorsal primary rami.

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31
Q

What are the intermediate back muscles?

A

serratus posterior superior

serratus posterior inferior

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32
Q

What muscles of the back are involved in respiration by acting on the chest wall?

A

intermediate back muscles (serratus posterior superior/inferior)

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33
Q

By which rami are the intermediate back muscles (serratus posterior superior/inferior) innervated?

A

ventral primary rami

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34
Q

Which category of muscles are the true (intrinsic) muscles of the back?

A

deep back muscles

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35
Q

Which muscles are the primary movers of the back?

A

deep back muscles

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36
Q

Which rami innervate the deep back muscles?

A

the dorsal primary rami

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37
Q

Which flat, triangular, superficial back muscle provides direct attachment of pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton (trunk)?

A

Trapezius

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38
Q

What superficial back muscle helps to suspend the upper limb from the trunk?

A

Trapezius

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39
Q

The two muscles, one on each side of the vertebral column, form a trapezoid (4 sided) structure in this superficial muscle of the back.

A

Trapezius

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40
Q

What superficial back muscle covers back of neck and upper half of the trunk?

41
Q

What superficial back muscle attaches the pectoral girdle to the skull and vertebral column?

42
Q

The muscle fibers of this superficial back muscle are divided into three parts.

43
Q

What is the origin of the trapezius muscle?

A

Occipital bone

Ligamentum nuchae

Spinous process of C7 - T12

44
Q

What is the insertion of the trapezius muscle?

A

Clavicle (lateral 1/3)

Acromion and spine of scapula

45
Q

What is the motor innervation of the trapezius?

A

CN XI (spinal accessory nerve)

46
Q

What is the pain and proprioception innervation of the trapezius?

A

C3, C4 (ventral primary rami)

47
Q

Nerve injury to which muscle results in drooping of the scapula (shoulder) also known as shoulder drop?

48
Q

To test this muscle’s strength, the shoulder is shrugged against resistance

49
Q

What is the blood supply of the trapezius?

A

Superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery.

50
Q

Where is the blood supply of the trapezius located on the muscle?

A

deep surface

51
Q

Which superficial back muscle holds upper limb to trunk?

52
Q

Which superficial back muscle adducts (retracts) scapula (middle fibers)?

53
Q

Which superficial back muscle raises scapula (upper fibers)?

54
Q

Which superficial back muscle rotates scapula so that the inferior angle is moved laterally for abduction of upper limb above horizontal position?

55
Q

Which superficial back muscle is a broad flat muscle that covers inferior half of the back (T6 to iliac crest)?

A

Latissimus dorsi

56
Q

Which superficial back muscle attaches the upper limb to the trunk?

A

Latissimus dorsi

57
Q

What joint does the Latissimus dorsi act on?

58
Q

What is the origin of the Latissimus dorsi?

A

spinous process of lower six thoracic vertebrae

thoracolumbar fascia

iliac crest and lower 3 or 4 ribs

59
Q

What is the insertion of the Latissimus dorsi?

A

humerus (intertubercular groove) – between Teres major and Pectoralis major

60
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8 level of spinal cord) from the brachial plexus

61
Q

What is the blood supply of the Latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal artery

62
Q

What superficial back muscle pulls arm posteriorly (extends arm) and rotates medially

A

Latissimus dorsi

63
Q

What superficial back muscle is used in chopping wood or crawl stroke in swimming?

A

Latissimus dorsi

64
Q

What superficial back muscle adducts, extends, and medially rotates the humerus at the shoulder joint?

A

Latissimus dorsi

65
Q

What superficial back muscle is a powerful adductor of the arm along with the pectoralis major?

A

Latissimus dorsi

66
Q

Damage to which superficial back muscle would result in the inability to raise the trunk with upper limbs during climbing?

A

Latissimus dorsi

67
Q

What is the name of the small triangular gap between muscles near the inferior angle of scapula?

A

Triangle of auscultation

68
Q

What are the boundaries of the Triangle of auscultation?

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and medial border of scapula

69
Q

What area on the back is a good place for respiratory sounds with a stethoscope because they are less muffled here?

A

Triangle of auscultation

70
Q

What superficial back muscle is a strap-like muscle located in the neck and the upper part of the thorax?

A

Levator scapulae

71
Q

The upper part of this superficial back muscle lies deep to the sternocleidomastoid and the inferior part lies deep to the trapezius muscles.

A

Levator scapulae

72
Q

Which superficial back muscle takes its origin at the transverse processes of the first three or four cervical vertebrae?

A

Levator scapulae

73
Q

Which superficial back muscle inserts at the superior angle of the scapula along its upper medial border?

A

Levator scapulae

74
Q

What is the blood supply of the levator scapulae?

A

dorsal scapular artery (branch of axillary artery) or deep branch of transverse cervical artery

75
Q

What is the innervation of the levator scapulae?

A

dorsal scapular nerve (C5) and 3rd and 4th cervical nerves

76
Q

What is the action of the levator scapulae muscle?

A

elevates scapula

rotates scapula to move the glenoid cavity and shoulder joint inferiorly

77
Q

Which superficial back muscle is one sheet of muscle that lies deep to the trapezius muscle?

A

Rhomboid major and minor

78
Q

What is the upper part of the rhomboid called?

A

rhomboid minor

79
Q

What is the lower, bigger part of the rhomboid called?

A

rhomboid major

80
Q

What is the origin of the rhomboid major and minor muscle?

A

spines of lower cervical (C7) and upper thoracic (T1 - T5) vertebrae

81
Q

What is the insertion of the rhomboid major and minor muscle?

A

medial border of the scapula

82
Q

What is the blood supply of the rhomboid major and minor muscle?

A

dorsal scapular artery

83
Q

What is the action of the rhomboid major and minor muscle?

A

Adduct scapula

Rotate scapula so the glenoid cavity moves inferiorly

84
Q

What is the nerve supply of the rhomboid major and minor muscle?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (ventral ramus of C5) and some fibers from C4

85
Q

Injury to the dorsal scapular nerve results in the inability of the rhomboid major and minor muscle to do what?

A

adduct the scapula

86
Q

What are the intermediate back muscles

A

Serratus posterior superior

Serratus posterior inferior

87
Q

Which intermediate back muscle is located deep to the rhomboid muscles?

A

serratus posterior superior

88
Q

What is the origin of the serratus posterior superior muscle?

A

ligamentum nuchae and spines of C7 to T3 vertebrae

89
Q

What is the insertion of the serratus posterior superior muscle?

A

2nd to 4th ribs

90
Q

What is the innervation of the serratus posterior superior muscle?

A

first three thoracic spinal nerves

91
Q

What is the action of the serratus posterior superior muscle?

A

elevates ribs

92
Q

What is the origin of the serratus posterior inferior muscle?

A

T11 to L2 vertebral spines

93
Q

What is the insertion of the serratus posterior inferior muscle?

A

lower four ribs

94
Q

What is the action of the serratus posterior inferior muscle?

A

aids in respiration by holding ribs steady when diaphragm moves up

95
Q

What is the innervation of the serratus posterior inferior muscle?

A

last four thoracic nerves

96
Q

If during a surgical procedure, T9 - T12 nerves are damaged, which of the back muscles would be affected?

A

serratus posterior

97
Q

During a physical exam, you notice that the patient has one shoulder lower than the other (drooping of the shoulder). This condition can result from damage to which muscle(s)?

A

Levator scapulae

and

Trapezius

98
Q

You notice that a patient is unable to extend his arm at the shoulder joint. You expect nerve damage to the muscle responsible for this action. Which group of nerves might be involved?

99
Q

What do the rhomboid major and minor act to do to the scapula?

A

Rotate AND adduct

Anatomy (17 decks)

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