Summary Study Flashcards
·invasive tissue infections, e.g. skin and tissue infections (invasive enzymes and toxins)
·food poisoning (pre-formed enterotoxin)
·Toxic Shock Syndrome (toxin)
·Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) (scalded skin syndrome) ( toxin)
·septicemia / bacteremia
·bone / joint infection
Staphylococcus aureus (coagulase positive) (MRSA)
normal skin flora; endocarditis
Staphylococcus epidermidis (coagulase negative staph, CNS)
UTI in women of childbearing age
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
·invasive tissue infections (invasive enzymes and toxins)
impetigo, cellulitis, erysipelas; scarlet fever – erythrogenic toxin
necrotizing fasciitis (strep gangrene, invasive cellulitis, “flesh-eating bacteria”) & streptococcal toxin shock syndrome (highly invasive enzymes and toxins)
acute exudative pharyngitis –> post-streptococcal complications – rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis
Streptococcus pyogenes, group A
pneumonitis and meningitis in neonates from vaginal flora
Group B Streptococcus
pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis; meningitis
Streptococcus pneumoniae (capsule, IgA protease)
bacteremia, nosocomial wounds & UTI (multi-drug resistance)
Enterococcus faecalis
massive diarrhea (toxin)
Vibrio cholerae (curved bacilli)
gastroenteritis from contaminated shellfish
Vibrio parahemolyticus
septicemia, cellulitis, gastroenteritis
Vibrio vulnificus
gastroenteritis, esp. from contaminated chicken or raw milk
Campylobacter jejuni (microaerophilic, curved bacilli)
· gastroenteritis (diarrhea), esp. from contaminated poultry (chicken) and reptiles (turtles, salamanders)
· invasion of intestinal mucous membrane but w/o significant deeper invasion or bloodstream invasion
Salmonella enteritidis (Antigenic types B & D predominate in USA)
· initial invasion and multiplication w/in intestinal membrane followed by invasion of bloodstream
· invasion/localization in gallbladder, spleen, liver, bones
Salmonella typhi – typhoid fever
· dysentery (bacillary dysentery, shigellosis) - invasion of intestinal epithelial cells with sloughing and bleeding
· exotoxin produced by some strains
· endotoxins stimulate some disease responses
Shigella (Antigenic groups D and B predominate in USA
· urinary tract infections (adherence and colonization)
Escherichia coli (genes for most toxins on plasmids) – normal fecal flora
severe watery diarrhea due to cholera-like enterotoxins, esp. in travelers
· ETEC
hemorrhagic colitis; enteroinvasive - invasion of intestinal epithelium, dysentery/bloody diarrhea, shiga-toxins, endotoxin
may cause hemolytic uremic syndrome; predominantly due to serotype O157:H7
· EHEC
tubercle bacteria survive macrophage & in lymph nodes
CMI slows growth & causes inflammation; bacteria contained w/in tubercles; disease remains latent/dormant possibly for years
mild/asymptomatic – skin test pos; chest x-ray neg; no sputum produced
primary TB
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (acid fast bacillus) -- use 3-5 drugs to overcome multi-drug resistance · tuberculosis (pulmonary and/or disseminated)
skin test pos, x-ray pos, sputum pos
CMI fails to contain growth; tubercles (Ghon complex) necrotic; enlarge & rupture into airways & blood vessels
clinical TB/secondary TB
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (acid fast bacillus) -- use 3-5 drugs to overcome multi-drug resistance · tuberculosis (pulmonary and/or disseminated)
pulmonary lesions & lymphadenitis; esp. in AIDS patients; resistant to many antituberculosis drugs
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex
meningitis in unvaccinated young children (HIB), epiglottitis, otitis media
Haemophilus influenzae
chancroid (Asia)
Haemophilus ducreyi
meningococcal meningitis (primarily in ages 4-40; outbreaks in school settings)
Neisseria meningitis
– gonorrhea (urethritis, endocervicitis); septic arthritis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
atypical bacteria, tissue cell culture; lab diagnosis by Ag detection
· STD “non-gonococcal urethritis/cervicitis” ; Trachoma-Inclusion Conjunctivitis
Chlamydia trachomatis
mild pneumonia, bronchitis; atherosclerosis
Chlamydia pneumoniae
atypical bacteria, not cultured on typical agar media; lab diagnosis by Ag or Ab detection
· primary atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
· Rocky Mountain spotted fever; Epidemic Typhus– headache, fever, pain, rash
Rickettsia (atypical, obligate intracellular parasites) – ID by antigen or antibody detection from blood or biopsy
· R. rickettsii, R. prowazekii (others) – species specific and vector specific
– food poisoning, meningitis
Listeria monocytogenes
anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
anaerobic, food poisoning, gangrene
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium botulinum
anaerobic, botulism from food poisoning (pre-formed toxin)
anaerobic, antibiotic associated diarrhea (pseudomembranous colitis)
Clostridium difficile
anaerobic, tetanus (neurotoxin)
Clostridium tetani
anaerobic, deep abscesses, aspiration pneumonia, empyema
Bacteroides fragilis –
– opportunistic nosocomial pathogen, wound infections; resistant to many antibiotics
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
– opportunistic pneumonia
Legionella
Klebsiella pneumoniae
opportunistic bacteremia & UTI, esp. in burn patients
Coliform
Enterobacter
nosocomial UTI & wound infections
Proteus
opportunistic and nosocomial burn wound and UTI
Providencia
– peptic ulcers
Helicobacter pylori
pertussis (whooping cough
Bordetella pertussis
Bronchitis?
Moraxella cattarhalis
Bordetella pertussis
Chlamydia pneumonia
