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Micro B3 > Learning Exercises Questions > Flashcards

Learning Exercises Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Vanco resistance

A

Staph A

Enterococcus Faecalis

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2
Q

Lobar pneumonia

A

Strep. pneumoniae

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3
Q

Meningitis in patients older than 10?

A

Strep pneumoniae

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4
Q

Meningitis in neonates

A

Group B Strep

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5
Q

2 overall?

Meningitis in school-aged/college-aged

A

N. meningitidis

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6
Q

Meningitis in children less than 3? And elderly?

A

HIB

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7
Q

Soft tissue abscess?

A

Staph

consider Acinetobacter baumannii for post traumatic wound abscess

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8
Q

Beta lactamase?

A

Staph

HIB

Moraxella catarrhalis

N. Gonorrhea

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9
Q

septic arthritis?

A

Staph. A (osteomyelitis, also)

N. Gonorrhea

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10
Q

Rheumatic fever?

A

Strep. pyogenes

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11
Q

UTIs?

A
  1. E. Coli

2. Staph Sapropytic

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12
Q

vomiting/cramping within 4 hours of eating?

A

Staph A

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13
Q

Endocarditis?

A

Staph epidermidis

Strep pyogenes

Viridans, too (but less common)

Consider corynebacterium diptheriae

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14
Q

Lesions at site of entry?

A

B. Anthracis (black eschar)

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15
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis?

A

Staph A. - Scalded Skin Syndrome

(from exfoliatin toxin)

Localized red rash following conjuntivitis/URI followed by rupturing of large bullae

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16
Q

Necrosis of tissue?

A

Y. Pestis

N. Meningitidis (secondary to meningitis)

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17
Q

Rash at site of invasion?

A

Staph A (scalded skin syndrome)

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18
Q

Impetigo?

A

Staph A

Strep pyogenes

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19
Q

Cellulitis?

A

Staph A

Strep pyogenes (GAS)

Vibrio vulnificus

(Occasional Aeromonas & Plesiomonas shigelloides)

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20
Q

Sinusitis?

A

Sterp. pneumoniae

HIB

Moraxella catarrhalis (3rd)

Chlamydia pneumoniae

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21
Q

Otitis media?

A

Strep pneumoniae

HIB

Moraxella catarrhalis

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22
Q

Nectrotizing fasciitis

A

Strep. pyogenes (GAS)

Vibrio vulnficus

Aeromonas spp.

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23
Q

Conjuntivitis?

A

HIB

Chlamydia gonorrhea (trachoma – leading cause of blindness)

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24
Q

Staph A virulence

A

proteases

Lipase

coagulase

fibrinolysin

Adhesive matrix molecules (biofilm)

Quorum sensing regulators

Superantigens

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25
Q

Group A Strep virulence?

A

Erythrogenic toxin

M protein (antiphagocytic)

Hyaluronic acid

Invasive enzymes/toxins

Streptolysin O/S

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26
Q

Strep. pneumoniae virulence?

A

antiphagocytic capsule

IgA protease

penicillin resistance

Invasive strains

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27
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

enterotoxic extoxin (cholera toxin)

hypersecretion of water and chloride (reverse ion transport)

“rice water stools”

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28
Q

EHEC virulence?

A

verotoxin (aka Shiga toxin)

“No fever”

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29
Q

ETEC virulence?

A

cholera-like toxin

“traveler’s diarrhea”

releases heat-labile/heat stable enterotoxins

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30
Q

Haemophilus influenza

A

type b polysaccharide

fimbriae

IgA proteases

Ciliostatic factor

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31
Q

Anaerobic microbes?

A

Clostridium

Bacteroides fragilis (most prevalent)

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32
Q

Severe diarrhea?

A

Vibrio cholera

Shigella

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33
Q

Bloody diarrhea?

A

Shigella (dysentery)

EHEC

STEC

Y. Enterocolitica

(Aeromonas spp.)

(Plesiomonas shigelloides)

34
Q

Gastroenteritis following shellfish?

A

Vibrio parahemolyticus

Vibrio vunificus

Plesiomonas shigelloides

35
Q

UTI

A

E. Coli

Staph Sapro

36
Q

Rose spots?

A

Enteric fever (typhoid fever)

Salmonella typhi & paratyphi

37
Q

HUS?

A

EHEC

(has verotoxin aka shiga toxin)

primary type is O157:H7

38
Q

Normal flora of skin/upper respiratory?

A

HIB (upper respiratory)

Bacteroides fragilis (oropharynx, gut also)

Staphylococcus epidermidis (skin)

strep pneumoniae (upper respiratory)

39
Q

PRIMARY Coliforms?

I.e., normal flora of the intestinal tract?

A

Escherichia

Klebsiella

Enterobacter

(bacteriodes fragilis, also)

40
Q

Curved gram negative?

A

Vibrio

Campylobacter jejuni (s-shaped, gull wings)

Helicobacter pylori

41
Q

microaerophile?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

42
Q

Transmission from chicken or turkey?

A

Salmonella

Campylobacter jejuni

43
Q

ETEC vs EHEC

A

ETEC = traveler’s diarrhea with fever

EHEC = bloody diarrhea, with NO FEVER

44
Q

Undercooked ground beef?

A

EHEC

Campylobacter jejuni ?

45
Q

Opportunistic pneumonia?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Also, consider (as they’re normal flora):

Strep. pneumonia (normal flora)

Haemophilus influenzae (may be normal flora)

46
Q

Walking pneumonia?

Military boot camps?

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

47
Q

Nosocomial (hospital acquired) UTIs?

A

E. Coli

Enterococcus faecalis (Gram Pos in chains)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Less common…. Klebsiella pneumonia, enterobacter spp, Proteus spp,

48
Q

Pertussis?

A

Bordetella pertussis (virulence = pertussis toxin, thick capsule, exudate)

49
Q

Gram positive coccus in pairs?

A

Strep. pneumoniae

50
Q

Gram negative coccus in pairs?

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

N. meningitidis
N. gonorrhoeae

51
Q

Pleomorphic?

A

Legionella (GNB)

Coryneform diptheriae (GPB)

Bacteroides fragilis (GNB)

52
Q

Acid-fast meaning?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has large amounts of mycolic acids & lipids in the cell wall that impair staining w/ aqueous stains

Causes TB

53
Q

Type of people affected by TB?

A

AIDS & crowded populations

street people

54
Q

Primary TB. What about it?

A

Mild/asymptomatic

Tubercle bacilli taken up by alveolar macrophages where they multiply

CMI slows growth/contains them in tubercles (epithelioid/giant cells) – caused by cord factor

55
Q

Latent phase of TB?

A

0 SSx

0 shedding of bacteria

Skin Pos, chest neg

56
Q

Secondary phase of TB?

A

CMI fails after years – tuberlces become necrotic (caseous material) –> Ghon complex (tubercles + caseation in lymph nodes)

Ghon complex ruptures, spread of infection

CMI failure (miliary “bird seed” lesions). Expands to organs, esp. kidneys, bran, spleen, liver

57
Q

Microbial virulence of TB?

A

Mycolic acid/waxy capsule

58
Q

What keeps primary TB from becoming clinical TB?

A

CMI contains TB within tubercles… spontaneous healing in calcified tubercles

59
Q

Why are multiple antiTB drugs prescribed?

A

High prevalence of resistance requires two-to-four drug regimen

60
Q

Primary atypical pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

61
Q

Septic arthritis?

A

Staph A

N. gonorrhoeae

62
Q

Meningitis in neonates?

A

Group B strep

63
Q

Major cause of meningitis (esp patients over 10)?

A

Strep. pneumoniae

GPC in PAIRS

Alpha hemolytic (antiphagocyic capsule, IgA protease, pen resistance on the up and up)

64
Q

Fulminating meningitis?

A

HIB (children under 3 & elderly)

65
Q

Meningitis #2?

A

N. meningitidis (Gram neg cocci in pairs)

antiphagocytic capsule, pili, porin proteins, Endotoxin, IgA protease DIC

66
Q

Pulmonary lesions in AIDS patients?

A

M. avium intracellulare complex (MAI/MAC)

67
Q

Urethritis?

A

N. gonorrhoae

Chlamydia

68
Q

C. perfringens food poisioning?

A

Spores on undercooked meat germinate and then secrete enterotoxins

69
Q

Fecal?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

Shigella

E. Coli

C. Difficile

70
Q

Soil contamination?

A

Acinetobacter baumannii

listeria monocytogenes

Bacillus cereus

71
Q

Ticks?

A

Francisella tularenis

Rickettsia

72
Q

Flea?

A

Y. Pestis (flea)

Murine typhus - R. typhi (flea)

73
Q

Mite?

A

Scrub typhus (Orienta tsutsugamushi)

74
Q

Louse?

A

Epidemic typhus (classical) R. prowazekii

75
Q

Tetanus vs botulism

A

tetanus: neurotoxin, continuous muscle contraction (lockjaw)
botulism: neurotoxin (foodborne), weakening of facial/throat muscles, nausea & vomiting

76
Q

C. perfringens different from staph food poisoning how?

A

spores secrete enterotoxin

77
Q

Rashes?

Microbe & condition…

A

Staph A (LOCALIZED rash - TSS, TENS)

Strep pyogenes (scarlet fever - erythrogenic toxin)

Ricketssia/Orientia (Spotted fever/epidemic typhus/murine typhus/scrub typhus)

78
Q

No fever or infrequently accompanied by fever?

A

Campylobacter jejuni (infrequent fever)

EHEC (no fever)

79
Q

Spore-formers?

A

Bacillus cereus

Bacillus anthacis

Clostridium difficile

Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium botulinum

Clostridium tetani

80
Q

Special culture required?

A 
Coxiella
Chlamydia
Mycobacterium
Mycoplasma
Legionella
Rickettsia
81
Q

Endogenous?

A

bacteroides fragilis (anaerobe, normal flora in oropharnyx…)

82
Q

Encapsulated?

A 
Strep pyogenes
Strep pneumoniae
Yersinia pestis
Pseudomonas aerigunosa
Francisella tulanrensis
Bordetella pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
Salmonella

Micro B3 (13 decks)

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