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Micro B3 > Gram-negative cocci > Flashcards

Gram-negative cocci Flashcards

1
Q

Gram-negative cocci in pairs (some slightly elongated)

Causes upper respiratory tract infections, especially including otitis media and sinusitis in children (3rd most common cause)

Causes bronchitis or pneumonia in children and adults (in the top 3-4 of causes)

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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2
Q

3rd most common cause of otitis media/sinusitis

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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3
Q

Endotoxins

Resistance to complement

beta lactamase

A

moraxella catarrhalis

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4
Q

2 cause of meningitis

A

N. meningitis

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5
Q

1 cause of meningitis

A

S. pneumoniae

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6
Q

2 cause of meningitis, can cause secondary tissue necrosis (i.e., invasive)

Gram negative cocci in pairs

A

Neisseria meningitis

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7
Q

1 meningitis in school-age childeren and college students

epidemics in schools/day cares

A

Neisseria meningitis

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8
Q

Virulence factors:

Polysaccharide capsule (antiphagocytic)

Pili (attachment)

Porin proteins

Endotoxin

IgA protease

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

A

Neisseria meningitis

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9
Q

Gram negative cocci (pairs)

Gonorrhea

Pharyngitis

Rectal Infection

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

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10
Q

Beta lactamase

Pili

Porin proteins

Endotoxin

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

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11
Q

Requires enriched media

Beta lactamase test needed

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

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12
Q

Small, atypical gram negative

Obliagte intracellular parasite

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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13
Q

infectious form; metabolically inactive; moderately resistant to harsh environment

(form of Chlamydia)

A

Elementary bodies

convert in RB

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14
Q

noninfectious; metabolically active

form of Chlamydia

A

Reticulate Bodies (RB)

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15
Q

Lipopolysaccharide

Major Outer Membrane Protein (MOMP) - important structural component of cell wall

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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16
Q

Chlamydia reproduction?

A

EB enters host cell

EB converts to RB (inclusions)

RB replicates and produces EB

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17
Q

non-gonococcal urethritis

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

18
Q

(a) Incubation 7-14 days
(b) Urethritis in male – may lead to epididymitis and infertility
(c) Cervicitis in female, usually asymptomatic – Often leads to salpingitis and infertility or acute pelvic inflammatory disease
(d) Often acquired concurrently with gonorrhea and persists after gonorrhea has been successfully treated

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

19
Q

Inclusion conjunctivitis disease – a leading cause of blindness

A

Trachoma

Chlamydia trachomatis

20
Q

involvement of inguinal lymph nodes.. what STI?

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

21
Q

Agent of pneumonias, bronchitis, sinusitis – usually asymptomatic or mild with persistent cough

Probable agent of atherosclerosis – inflammation of endothelium of blood vessels which then leads to plaque buildup

A

Chlamydia pneumoniae

22
Q

Atypical bacterium – no cell wall, small, poorly staining

Etiological agent of “primary atypical pneumonia” (walking pneumonia)

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

23
Q

Symptoms (after 1-3 weeks incubation): headache, malaise, cough (often paroxysmal), and less often chest discomfort

Sputum production may be scant; infiltration of lungs may be more extensive than clinical findings suggest

Pneumonia may progress from one lobe to another and may be bilateral (“walking pneumonia”)

Duration of illness: often more than a month

Epidemiology – occurs primarily in school age children and young adults, especially military (up to 50/1,000/year)

A

“primary atypical pneumonia” (walking pneumonia)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

24
Q

“Atypical” bacteria – small, coccobacilli, obligate intracellular parasites

Various species cause spotted fever or typhus

A

Rickettsia and Orientia species

25
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever – Tick – Spotted Fever

A

Rickettsia Rickettsi

26
Q

Epidemic typhus (classical typhus fever - louse)

Murine typhus (flea)

Scrub typhus (mite)

A

R. Rickettsii

R. typhus

O. tsutsugamushi

27
Q

Transmitted by tick, mite, body louse, flea (species specific)

Clinical manifestations: abrupt onset (usually), fever (2-3 weeks), headache, severe deep muscle pain, and rash (no eschar from primary pathogens) (location not at site of entry)

A

Rickettsia and Orientia species

various types of Typhus

28
Q

“Atypical” bacteria – small, coccobacilli, gram-negative but does not stain well

Obligate intracellular parasites with multi-stage developmental lifecycle

Biological threat agent

Etiologic Agent of Q Fever

A

Coxiella burnetti

29
Q

Symptoms – high fever, headache, myalgias, arthralgias, cough, and involves multiple organs

Highly infectious/communicable via body fluids and aerosol to other animals and humans

Disease of numerous animals, especially sheep, goats, cattle

A

Q Fever

Coxiella burnetti

30
Q

Acid-fast bacilli – large amounts of mycolic acids and lipids in cell wall impairs staining with aqueous stains

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and related mycobacteria

31
Q

world’s leading infectious disease

A

TB

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

32
Q

Highly communicable via aerosols or dust particles

Prevalent in AIDS patients, crowded populations (e.g. prisons), and street people

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

33
Q

Bacteria are contained within tubercles

Mild and often asymptomatic (flu-like symptoms possible)

Spontaneous healing – calcified tubercles – occurs in about 75% to 90% of the cases

A

Primary tuberculosis

34
Q

No true medical disease, just potential presence of live bacteria within tubercules

No clinical symptoms

No shedding of bacteria

A

Latent phase

35
Q

The centers of the tubercles become necrotic and advance to form acellular masses of cheesy debris – caseous material. Ghon complex – combination of tubercles in the lung and caseation in lymph nodes

clinical disease

A

Secondary tuberculosis

36
Q

Rapid failure of Cell Mediated Immunity may lead to disseminated miliary ___.

(lesions resembles grains of millet (bird seed))

A

TB

37
Q

(1) Commonly recovered from AIDS patients
(2) May cause chronic pulmonary lesions and lymphadenitis
(3) Highly resistant to many of the traditional antituberculosis drugs

A

M. avium-intracellulare complex (MAI)(MAC)

MOTT

38
Q

Mycobacteria other than ____ are collectively referred to as MOTT

A

M. tuberculosis

39
Q

Gram-positive bacillus, aerobic, non-sporeforming (NSF)

Grows at refrigerator temperature

Source: soil, forage, animal feces

A

Listeria monocytogenes

40
Q

Food poisoning (esp. cold cuts, unpasteurized cheeses); tolerates & grows in cold temperatures (e.g. refrigerated foods)

Intracellular pathogen

Miscarrage, stillbirth, neonatal infection

Encephalomeningitis

A

Listeria monocytogenes

41
Q

Gram-positive bacillus, aerobic, non-sporeforming (NSF), pleomorphic

Etiologic agent of : Diphtheria

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Micro B3 (13 decks)

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