Gram Pos Bacillus

Question 1

Gram Pos Bacillus

Grows at refrigerator temp

source: soil, forage, animal feces

Answer 1

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 2

Food poisoning, especially cold cuts & unpasteurized cheese

(time to ssx maybe slightly longer than staph A)

Answer 2

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 3

Recall of ground meat

Answer 3

E Coli

Question 4

Recall of sandwich meat

Answer 4

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 5

Intracellular parasite?

Miscarriage/stillbirth, neonatal infection, encephalomeningitis

Answer 5

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 6

Gram Pos Bacillus, aerobic, not spore-forming

Diptheria toxin - affects myocardium & other tissues

Answer 6

Corynebacterium diptheriae

Question 7

pseudomembrane in throat, necrotic surface epithelium enmeshed in fibrous exudate

Answer 7

corynebacterium diptheriae

Question 8

Gram Pos Bacillus, spore-forming, aerobic

Natural soil/environmental

Answer 8

Bacillus cereus

Question 9

Food poisoning… Dried rice/dried beans

Emetic/diarrhea withing 6ish hours

Answer 9

Bacillus cereus

Question 10

Larger rods than other Gram Positive Bacilli

Answer 10

Bacillus Anthracis

Question 11

Easily aerosolized

Highly infectious (8000ish for infection)

Incubation: 1-6 days

Carried by phagocytic cells to lymph nodes

Initially: fever, malaise, mild chest discomfort (i.e., flu-like)

CXR: widened mediastinum

Answer 11

Pulmonary Anthrax

Question 12

Bacillus anthracis spores germinate into bacteria. Bacteria then cause disease from what two toxins?

Answer 12

Edema toxin

Lethal toxin

DISEASE AND DEATH (HIGH MORTALITY)

Question 13

A papule followed by a blister-like vesicle that leads to a necrotic lesion with black eschar….

Answer 13

Cutaneous anthrax (spores enter through a cut or abrasion)

95% of anthrax manifestations… lower mortality (20%) but can still lead to systemic infection

Question 14

Food poisoning due to enterotoxin…

Spores on undercooked meat germinate/secrete ENTEROtoxins

not ingesting the toxin, but the spore that eventually creates the toxin

Answer 14

clostridium perfringens

Question 15

Tissue invasion and possible necrosis due to exotoxins (cytotoxins) and invasive enzymes

“GAS GANGRENE”

Answer 15

clostridium perfringens

Question 16

C. Difficile toxin A

Answer 16

enterotoxin

Question 17

C. Difficile toxin B

Answer 17

cytotoxin (exotoxin)

Question 18

C. Diff, abx associated diarrhea, leads to an overgrowth of normal gut flora, and possibly a severe form called Pseudomembranous Colitis. Describe the formation of this “pseudomembrane”

Answer 18

Formed by inflammatory cells, fibrin, and necrotic cells

Question 19

One of the most potent known toxins

Biological threat agent

Answer 19

Botulism toxin (neurotoxin)

Timeline (18-36 hours) is longer than most toxins…

Question 20

Can get botulism through?

Answer 20

Ingestion (food poisoning - contaminated canned goods or unpasteurized honey)

“Wound” botulism - IV drug users

Question 21

Clostridium tetani

Answer 21

Tetanus neurotoxin

Question 22

Tetani vs botulinum

Answer 22

Botulism prevents nerve from “going out”, leaing to flaccidity

Tetanus blocks the “return signal” leading to contraction

Question 23

Gram negative bacilli, pleomorphic, anaerobe

Answer 23

bacteroides fragilis

Question 24

Most prevalent ANAEROBIC normal flora (gut AND oropharynx) AND pathogen

Answer 24

bacteroides fragilis

Question 25

Aspiration pneumonia

Empyema (suggests invasive properties)

Lung abscess

Answer 25

Bacteroides fragilis

Question 26

Deep wound abscess especially when contaminated with ENDOGENOUS material

Answer 26

bacteroides fragilis

similar to C. perfringens IRT ssx

Question 27

With either anaerobe, must handle carefully to ensure the microbes stay alive

Answer 27

Clostridium or bacteroides spp.