Summary Flashcards
Why is Homeostasis essential?
For the cell function and survival
What are the 2 systems to help regulate and maintain Homeostasis?
The Endocrine and Nervous systems.
How does the NS work?
Through the rapid detection of changes internal and external. Info is relay via the autonomic NS and ES.
How does the ES work?
Through negative and positive feedback loops. Responses are slower but last longer, generally.
What does a disruption to these systems lead to?
Abnormal and potential cell / organ death.
What is the Pituitary gland?
‘The Master Gland’ which controls the remaining glands with the Hypothalamus in the bran.
What is Cardiac Output?
Total amount of blood ejected by Left Ventricle in one minute.
What is Stroke Volume?
Amount of blood ejected by Left Ventricle in one contraction.
What is Heart Rate?
Number of contractions of Left Ventricle in one minute.
What is Systemic Vascular Resistance?
Resisitance in the vessels. Can be altered by TES and TNS as vessels contract and relax.
What is Cardiac Outpu?
Stroke Volume (SV) x Heart Rate (HR).
What is BP?
Cardiac Output (CO) x Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR).
OR
Stroke Volume (SV) x Heart Rate (HR) x Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR).
What is infection?
The invasion and multiplication of pathogenic micro organisms inside the sterile areas of the body. These could be bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungus.
How does the body fight an infection?
WBC (Leucocytes) attack the microbes either specifically or non specifically.
Side effects of the body fighting an infection?
Immune reactions can cause swelling, inflammation and leakage form blood vessels. This can cause shock if systemic
