Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DN > Circulation > Flashcards

Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Homeostasis is Cell Specific?

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Example of a cell that reproduces very fast.

A

Hair cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration.

A

Anaerobic describes an organism, a cell, a process or a mechanism that can function without air.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do cells need to survive?

A 
O2.
Nutrients.
To eliminate waste products.
Water.
Electrolyte balance.
Sustainable acid.
Suitable temperature.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name 3 systems that have external contact to maintain a homeostatic condition.

A

Respiratory
Gastrointestinal
Urinary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Example of a system without direct external contact.

A

Cardo-Vascular system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What condition occurs with cells have a lack of Oxygen?

A

Shock.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can we see if the body is carrying out compensatory actions due to lack of O2?

A

Carrying out physical observations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of blood?

A

Provision of O2 to cells.

Removal of CO2.

Provides nutrients from the alimentary tract to the cell.

Removes cellular waste.

Moves hormones to cells to regulate cellular behaviour.

Regulation of heat and temperature.

Transportation of WBCs.

Regulates clotting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How much blood do we have?

A 
Adult = 6L / 7% of body weight.
Children = Higher than 7%.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the components of plasma?

A 
Plasma proteins
Albumin
Gobulins
Clotting Facotors
Electrolytes
Nutrients
Waste products
Hormones
Gasses - O2, CO2, N.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Another name for RBC?

A

Erythrocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of RBCs?

A

To carry O2 from the lungs to the cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do RBCs look like?

A

LArge surface area, 7 micro meters diameter, and have no nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lifespan of a RBC?

A

120 days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Formation time of a RBC?

A

7 days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the process of a RBC being formed called?

A

Erythropoiesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do Erythrocytes work?

A

With haemoglobin that enables O2 to be carried and released to the plasma to be used by the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A lack of haemoglobin is called?

A

Anaemia. This is where the RBCs cannot carry O2. Sats may still be 100% despite this lack of O2 consumption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are WBCs called?

A

Leucocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the role of WBCs?

A

Work in the immunity against disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do WBCs look like?

A

The largest blood cell, but are only 1% of blood volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 2 main types of LEucocytes?

A

Granulocytes
Agranulocytes.

There are different sub types of these as well.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 3 types of granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

25
Q

What the 3 types of Agranilocytes?

A

Monocytes
Macrophages
Lymphocytes

26
Q

What are platelets?

A

Thrombocytes.
They promote blood clotting - Haemostasis.
Help prevent Haemorrgaging.

27
Q

How long do platelets live for?

A

8-11 days.

Those not used are destroyed by macophages.

28
Q

What is used to pipe blood around the body?

A

Arteries

Veins

29
Q

What is the difference between arteries and veins?

A

Arteries cary oxygenated blood around the body at high pressure from the heart to the cells. Veins carry deoxygenated blood from the cell back to the heart.

30
Q

What is the % of blood breakdown?

A

55% - Plasma.

1% WBCs and platelets.

44% RBCs.

31
Q

Explain the blood vessel system?

A

Arteries - Blood away from heart.
Arerioles - From arteries to capillaries.
Capillaries - Diffusion take place here.
Venules - Enters from capillaries which unite to form veinsw.
Veins - Largers than venules and return blood to heart.

Arteries = Branch to several hundred million arterioles providing blood to more than 10 billion capillaries.

32
Q

Describe an Artery.

A

Thick wall.

Strong resilient.

Maintains a cylindrical shape.

Does not contain valves.

33
Q

Describe a Vein.

A

Thinner wall.

Collapses when there is no blood pressure.

Weaker and can tear.

Contains valves.

34
Q

What does the heart do?

A

It is the Pump.

Provides Arterial blood to the body and take Venous blood to the lings.

Provides bloos to its own tissue through the coronary arteries.

35
Q

What happens if there is a blockage in one of the coronary arteries?

A

Cellular deoxygenation of the heart.

Fall in BP and lack of cellular O2 throughout the body = Shock.

36
Q

How big is the heart?

A

Occupies 30% of the lung field in adults.

Base of heart = Lies just below 2nd rib.

37
Q

Where is a child’s heart?

A 
Newborns = Higher.
Child's = Moving towards normal.

Occupies 40% of the lung fields.

38
Q

What is the Pericardium?

A

A fibrous membrane that surorunds the heart.

It protects the heart and keeps it in position within the mediastinum.

39
Q

What are the different parts of the Pericardium?

A

Fibrous pericardium - Outer layer that is inelastic and doesn’t let the heart overstretch.

Serous pericardium - Thinner 2 later and stays close to the Fibrous pericardium.

Pericardial fluid - Lies between the 2 Serous layers. Slippery. Is within the pericardial cavity.

40
Q

What is the Myocardium?

A

specialist cardiac muscle that appears like a sheet of muscle. Responsible for the pumping action. The impulse spreads from cell to cell in one contraction.

41
Q

What is the Endocardium?

A

Forms the lining of the myocardium and the heart valves.

42
Q

What are the chambers of the heart?

A

Superior:
Atria (Atrium =1)

Inferior:
Ventricles

Divided by the Septum (Inter-atrial & Inter-ventricular)

43
Q

Heart Valves?

A

Toilet Paper My Ass:

Tricuspid Valve
Pulmonary Valve
Mitral Valve
Aortic Valve.

44
Q

Blood vessels?

A

Superior Vena Cava - Delivers de-oxygenated blood.

Inferior Vena Cava - Carries de-oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Aorta - Carries oxygenated blood.

Pulmonary veins - Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Pulmonary Arteries - Carries DE-OXYGENATED blood.

45
Q

Are heart contractions dependent on nerve supply from the brain?

A

It is an Intrinsic system - contracts automatically without a nerve supply from the brain.
Specialist neuromuscular cells in the myocardium iinitiate and conduct impulses.

Autorythmic fibres are self excitable.

This results in coordinated and synchronised contractions.

46
Q

What are the specialist neuromuscular cells?

A

Sinoatrial Node = Pacemaker.

Atrioventricular Node = In the wall of the atrial septum.

AV Bundle = Extends from the AV nodes.

Purkinje Fibre = Extending from the AV bundle.

47
Q

How are Ions exchanged?

A

Simple Diffusion

Passive Transport:
Channel-mediated
Carrier-mediated

Active Transportation:
Energy

Concentration Gradient.

48
Q

Explain the Potassium Sodium Pump.

A

3 Na+ (sodium) binds with 1 ATP molecule.

The split of the ATP privudes energy and changes the shape of the channel, allowing them through.

These are released, and the new shape now allows potassium ions on the other side to bind.

The release of the phosphate allows the channel to revert to its original form. Releasing K+ on the inside.

Phosphate is released by hydrolysis of ATP.

49
Q

Explain the sodium potassium pump in the heart.

A

Myocardial cells maintain low intracellular Na+.

Low Na+ transfers Ca++ in active transport out of the cell.

Drugs like Digitalis slow the activity of Na+ & K+ & ATP. Increasing intracellular Na+, reducing the efficiency of the Na & Ca exchange and increasing Ca++ activity.

Therefore increasing myocardial contractility and increased extracellular.

50
Q

Is Systolic BP the measurement of the pressure exerted by the contraction or relaxation of the left ventricle?

A

Contraction of the Left Ventricle.

51
Q

What should a Dystolic BP be?

A

110-140 mmHg.

52
Q

What should a Dyastolic BP be?

A

70-80mmHg.

53
Q

What is Cardiac Output?

A

Total amount of blood ejected by Left Ventricle in one minute.

54
Q

What is Stroke Volume?

A

Amount of blood ejected by Left Ventricle in one contraction.

55
Q

What is Heart Rate?

A

Number of contractions of Left Ventricle in one minute.

56
Q

What is Systemic Vascular Resistance?

A

Resistance in vessels. Can be altered by hormones and NS as vessels contract and relax.

57
Q

What is Blood Pressure?

A

Cardiac Output (CO) x Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR).

OR

Stroke Volume x HR x SVR.

58
Q

What is Cardiac Output (CO)?

A

Stroke Volume (SV) x Heart Rate (HR).

59
Q

What is the distribution of Cardiac Output in the Body’s Vessels?

A 
Brain = 10%
Gut = 15%
Kidneys = 1-%
Muscles = 30%
Skin = 30%
Venous Pooling = 5%?

DN (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions