Sui, Tang, and Song

Question 1

Champa Rice

Answer 1

Is a fast ripening rice that can produce two harvests found in vietnam

Helped to feed the growing population of the Song dynasty.

Question 2

Song Dynasty

Answer 2

960-1279

Emperors:

Song Taizu

Invented porcelain, movable type and the 1st set of paper money

The military was not emphasized, instead was Education and Administration

Reimposed centralized imperial rule.

Question 3

Sui Dynasty

Answer 3

Sui(589 - 618)

Yang Jian (Sui Wendi) (1st) & Sui Yangdi (2nd)

Reunified China after the 300 years of turmoil

Built Grand Canal Dynasty

Question 4

Tang Taizong

Answer 4

(627- 649)

2nd Emperor of Tang

Murdered 2 brothers and thrust father aside for throne

Built Capital at Chang’an

Prices and Taxes remained low

Had an equal-field system.

He re-conquered the northern and western land that

China had since the decline of the Han Dynasty.

He started the achievements of the Tang Dynasty.

Question 5

Wu Zetian

Answer 5

(626-706)

Only empress in Chinese history (Tang)

Patronized Buddhism

Question 6

Tang Dynasty

Answer 6

(618-907 CE)

Considered to be the “Golden Age” of China

Had equal-field system

Bureaucracy based on merit

Confucian Education System

Biggest city in Ancient China at capital: Chang’an

Had control of the Silk Road

Question 7

Grand Canal

Answer 7

The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers but going North to South instead of West to east like most chinese rivers at the time.

Made trade between the Chinese easier and quicker during the Sui Dynasty

Question 8

Song Industrial Revolution

Answer 8

During Song times, heavy industry — especially the iron industry — grew astoundingly.

Iron production reached around 125,000 tons per year in 1078 CE, a sixfold increase over the output in 800 CE.

Iron and steel were put to many uses, ranging from nails and tools to the chains for suspension bridges and Buddhist statues.

The army was a large consumer: steel tips increased the effectiveness of Song arrows; mass-production methods were used to make iron armor in small, medium, and large sizes; high-quality steel for swords was made through high-temperature metallurgy.

Huge bellows, often driven by waterwheels, were used to superheat the molten ore.

Question 9

Confucianism

Answer 9

A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius.

It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.

which focuses on the importance of personal ethics and morality

Question 10

Buddhism

Answer 10

A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha.
Buddhists believe that human life is a cycle of suffering and rebirth, but that if one achieves a state of enlightenment (nirvana), it is possible to escape this cycle forever

Question 11

Sui Yangdi

Answer 11

604-618 CE

Second emperor of the Sui Dynasty

Completed work on the Grand Canal

During his rule, his projects demanded high taxes and force labor, which caused hostility toward his rule Rebellions broke out; assassinated in 618

Question 12

Song Taizu

Answer 12

(960-976)

First Song dynasty emperor

He focused his rule on civil administration, industry, education, and the arts rather than on military affairs. Inaugurated bureaucracy of merit.

Question 13

“Flying Cash” or “Flying Money”

Answer 13

Type of paper negotiable instrument used during China’s Tang dynasty invented by merchants but adopted by the state.

Could transfer cash across vast distances without physically transporting it.

Started during Song

Question 14

Neo Confucianism

Answer 14

Philosophy that attempted to merge certain basic elements of Confucian and Buddhist thought

Question 15

Equal Field System

Answer 15

Agricultural reform favoring the peasants under the Tang dynasty in China, inheritance system where 1/5 of the land when to the peasant’s descendants and the rest went to the government.

Question 16

Know all parts of the Confucian social order

Answer 16

Father - Son

Older Brother - Younger Brother

Ruler - Subject

Older Friend - Younger Friend

Husband - Wife

or simpler: Ruler to subject, father to son, husband to wife, elderly to younger, and friend to friend

Question 17

What made possible the Chinese cultivation of the staple crops

Answer 17

Champa rice being brought over from Vietnam

Question 18

In the period 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E., states in Japan, Korea, and Vietnam had what in common

Answer 18

They were all culturally influenced by China

Question 19

What developments in Song dynasty China were important factors in the accumulation of wealth

Answer 19

Improvements in farm tools. Had champa rice, had good trade. Woodblock printing, and paper money.

Question 20

Why was the Tang Dynasty considered a “Golden Age” of China

Answer 20

Because they had control of the Silk Road, which served as a major trade route, trading not only goods but as well as cultures. (between China, the Middle East, Rome, and India.) Along with that it was a time of harmony, stability, and achievement.

Question 21

How was Chinese culture transferred to Japan, Vietnam, and Korea.

Specific outcomes of transfers for each region need to be known.

Answer 21

All - China brought in culture, religion, and government/administration.

Japan - merchants established commercial trade. Not invaded
Outcomes for Japan - Political and cultural, claimed imperial authority and reforms based on tang, chinese style bureaucracy, equal field system, used both confucian and buddhism, some learned chinese in school, and some government and court documents were in chinese.

Vietnam - Chinese army invaded, merchants established commercial trade.
Outcomes for Vietnam - established administrative system and bureaucracy based on china, prepared careers using confucian education. Political and cultural

Korea - Chinese army invaded, merchants established commercial trade. (Tributary relationship)
Outcomes for Korea - organized court based off of china’s, based their capital on Chang’an. Religion, political and cultural

Question 22

Woodblock Printing

Answer 22

Process of carving symbols into a block of wood to make printing faster

Question 23

Gunpowder

Answer 23

was first used to make fumigators to keep away insect pests and evil spirits. In later centuries it was used to make explosives and grenades and to propel cannonballs, shot, and bullets.

or

Invented at first for use with fireworks but later uses included bombs and weapons for war

Question 24

Compass

Answer 24

Used during the Silk Road Trade and helped with navigating the land/ sea routes of China

Question 25

Founder of the Tang Dynasty

Answer 25

Li Yuan
Emperor Gaozu of Tang

Question 26

foot binding

Answer 26

an extremely painful process, that compressed girls feet to half their natural size.

Question 27

to combat unfairness and government corruption in government, the _____________ was restored

Answer 27

Civil Service exams

Question 28

Sui Wendi

Answer 28

He was a powerful general that unified in 581 CE. He had successful maneuvers like fixing the Great Wall of china, building large palaces, canal from the yellow River to the Yangtze River, and peace with the northern tribes. His empire did not last because stage five broke out. War between the aristocrats and the army.

Question 29

Tang Gaozu

Answer 29

Tang Taizong’s father. Strong Chinese military leader that is credited with founding the Tang dynasty

Question 30

Meritocracy

Answer 30

a system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement

Question 31

Bureaucracy

Answer 31

a formal organization with a hierarchy of authority and a clear division of labor

Question 32

Branches of Buddhism

Answer 32

Theravada - the oldest of the two major branches of Buddhism. Practiced mainly in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burma, and Cambodia, its beliefs are relatively conservative, holding close to the original teachings of the Buddha

Mahayana - “Great Vehicle” branch of Buddhism followed in China, Japan, and Central Asia. The focus is on reverence for Buddha and for bodhisattvas, enlightened persons who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightenment.

Vajrayana - Literally “Diamond Vehicle,” it is the prominent branch of Buddhism in Tibet.

Question 33

Darma

Answer 33

doing one’s moral duty in this life so that the soul can advance in the next life

Question 34

Nirvana (Buddhism)

Answer 34

Name given to reaching the state of perfect peace in Buddhism.

Question 35

Chinese farming improvements

Answer 35

began under the Tang; improved irrigation, new ways of growing crops, new crops: tea and rice; led to increased population and rise of new cities

Question 36

Tibetan Buddhism

Answer 36

a Buddhist doctrine that includes elements from India that are not Buddhist and elements of preexisting shamanism, a tradition of Buddhism that teaches that people can use special techniques to harness spiritual energy and can achieve nirvana in a single lifetime

Question 37

Scholarly Gentry

Answer 37

civil servants appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day governance from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China’s last imperial dynasty.

Question 38

Taika Reforms

Answer 38

Attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army.

Question 39

Hindu Caste System

Answer 39

system put into place by the Aryan invaders of India to suppress the native people; strict social hierarchy with priest and warriors at the top and untouchables on bottom

Question 40

Dynastic cycle, aka the mandate of heaven

Answer 40

Old dynasty (fall), old dynasty loses mandate, problems, new dynasty claims mandate, new dynasty (rise), old dynasty (fall), etc.