Dar Al Islam / SE Asia Flashcards
Sufi
Spread Islam through missionary work. They were religiously tolerant (made people feel safe converting)
Bali
Island just east of Java in Indonesia
Dervish
a muslim person who promises to be poor
Borobudur
The largest Buddhist monument ever built, a mountainous ten-level monument with an elaborate carving program, in Java
Rumi
A famous sufi poet and founder of the Whirling Dervishes
Mevlevi Order
sufi order that encourages being in love
Dalit
member of the lowest Indian caste grouping made up of people who did dirty or unpleasant jobs
Java
Island in Indonesia
Majapahit
Sea trade based, larger of kingdoms on Jarva, Hindu
Srivijaya
A Malay kingdom that dominated the Straits of Malacca between 670 and 1025 C.E.; noted for its creation of a native/Indian hybrid culture, buddhist
Sumatra
a mountainous island in western Indonesia
Thalassocracy
rule by the sea
Maritime Silk Road
Sea routes between China and the Middle east that carried trade and Buddhism. It helped to establish a maritime culture in the Indian Ocean.
Syncretism
combining different beliefs/schools of thought
prosperity
Earned by thalassocratic empires by charging ships traveling through, trading gold, etc
ascetic
severe self-discipline
Sinhala Dynasties
had irrigation systems that led to economic growth, roots in early Indian merchants, center of Buddhist study, Sri Lanka, simple living
Khmer Empire
did not depend on maritime prowess, prospered from irrigation/drainage systems, built Angkor Wat, converted from Hindu to Buddhist
Indonesia
country with most Muslims today
Malay
A designation for peoples originating in south China and Southeast Asia who settled the Malaysian Peninsula, Indonesia, and the Philippines, then spread eastward
Islam
Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God and that Muhammad is the messenger of God. “Submission”
Allah
The Arabic word for God.
Quran
The holy book of the religion of Islam.
Muhammad
Muhammad was the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was the LAST prophet and God’s messenger, sent to present and confirm the monotheistic teachings preached previously by Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.
Muslims
Those that practice the religion of Islam. “One who submits”
Arabian Peninsula
a peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf
Mecca
in a desert valley in western Saudi Arabia, is Islam’s holiest city, as it’s the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad and the faith itself. Only Muslims are allowed in the city, with millions arriving for the annual Hajj (pilgrimage).
Medina
City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca.
Bedouin
A grouping of nomadic Arab peoples who have historically inhabited the desert regions in North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq and the Levant.
Sheikh
A person who rules over a tribe and is chosen by a council of elders (typically Bedouin/Arab)
Five Pillars of Faith
Belief of Islam: 1. There is no God but Allah and Muhammed is his messenger 2. Pray 5 times a day 3. Give charity to the poor 4. Fast during the month of Ramadan 5. Hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca
Hijrah
the migration or journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib, later renamed by him to Medina, in the year 622.
Hajj
An annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, the holiest city for Muslims, and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially able
Caliph
A name for the successor to Muhammad.
Shari’ah
A law code that provides believers with a set of practical laws to regulate their daily lives.
Jihad
A defensive war or “struggle in the way of God” that allowed Muhammad’s successors to expand their territory.
Shia (Shiites)
A branch of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor.
Sunni
The largest denomination of Islam. Its name comes from the word Sunnah, referring to the exemplary behavior of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Sultan
The title of certain rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty in practical terms.
Mosque
Muslim houses of worship.
Umayyad Dynasty
A dynasty that ruled the Muslim Empire from 661 to 750 and later established a kingdom in al-Andalus.
Abbasid Dynasty
(750-1258 CE) The caliphate, after the Umayyads, who focused more on administration than conquering. Had a bureaucracy that any Muslim could be a part of.
Baghdad
Abbasid capital, close to the old Persian capital of Ctesiphon.
Astrolabe
An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the positions of the stars and heavenly bodies.
Jizya
Poll tax that non-Muslims had to pay when living within a Muslim empire
Umma
The community of Muslims
Lesser Jihad
The external struggle against oppression.
Greater Jihad
The struggle within oneself to be a good Muslim
Imams
Muslim religious/community leaders
Sufis
Muslim mystics who seek communion with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals
Golden Age of Islam
A time during the Abbasid Dynasty (with a capital in Baghdad) when the arts and intellectualism were flourishing. Astronomy, surgery, etc. were all having inventions in their fields, and Baghdad was a center of intellectualism.
The Spread of Islam
Islam spread through West Africa peacefully by trade, and violently by conquest. People in ruling courts converted, some in the countryside kept their beliefs
Women in Islam
As believers they were equal to men, however, in the social context, they are supposed to submit to their male counterparts. Economically they have more rights than other women during that time period. Slowly their rights are eroded over time.
House of Wisdom in Abbasid Baghdad
(8th Century) center of learning where many scholars traveled to study; helped to transfer knowledge through Afro-Eurasia
Cordoba Caliphate (750-1492)
capital of Muslim Spain, an economic center, hundreds of workshops, culture and learning flourished there
Battle of Tours (732)
battle in which Charles Martel stopped the Northern expansion of Islam (from Spain) from spreading across Europe. (not in time period but you should know as background)
Fatimids
Members of a Muslim dynasty that traced its ancestry to Muhammad’s daughter Fatima. They built an Empire in North Africa and Syria in the 10-12th century
Seljuk Turks
nomadic Turks from Asia who conquered Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the caliph to remain only as a religious leader. they governed strictly
Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt
(1250-1517) Mamluks seized control of Egyptian government; defeated Mongol attempts at conquest, prospered by facilitating trade in cotton and sugar between Islamic world and Europe
Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526)
-ruled in Northern India (Turkish Muslim)
-Sultans not known for forcing conversions, and did not show any concern in involving in coastal trading
-brought political integration while also strengthening cultural diversity and tolerance
Monsoon Wind Trade Routes
From November to February, the winds blew to the southwest allowing ships to travel from India to Africa. While between April and September, the winds switched directions to the northeast allowing vessels to travel from East Africa to India.
Indian Ocean Trade Routes
connected Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and East Africa, linked all of those areas as well as East Asia (particularly China)
Omani Traders
Introduced islam to East Africa, to the Malaysian archipelago, the Indian sub-continent and beyond.
Monsoon Winds Trade
The use of monsoon wind in the Indian Ocean for maritime trade was a boon to the sailing ships to reach overseas countries
Caravansary
an inn with a central courtyard for travelers in the desert regions of Asia or North Africa
Islamic Art
focuses on the spiritual representation of objects and beings, and not their physical qualities.
Use of calligraphy and not showing people.
Islamic Science
Mostly correction, extension and application of Greek ideas/practices; major contributions to literature; Greek science entered as texts (books)
Islamic Medicine
Islamic medicine heralded a disciplinary model which included quarantine, hospitals and systematic clinical training
Southeast Asian/Islamic Trade Routes
SE Asian - Maritime Silk Road
Islamic - extended throughout much of Europe, Northern Africa, and Asia (including China and India). Silk Road
how did calphiate interact with Christians and Jews
They were required to pay a special tax, called a jizya
he recognized Jesus and Abraham as prophets
Dar Al Islam as a preserver of Greek Science
Muslim scholars carefully preserved them, translating them into Arabic, studying them, and in some cases building on ideas set down by the ancient writers in their own works.
Main vehicles through which Islam spread
Caravans, missionaries, trade routes, conquest of lands, and pilgrimage
