Sugars Flashcards
What are the two plants sugar can be extracted from?
Sugar beet or sugar cane
How is sugar extracted from sugar beet/cane?
Crushed
Sprayed
Impurities removed
Liquid removed
Name three types of white sugar
Granulated
Caster
Icing
Name three types of brown sugar
Soft brown
Demerara
Muscovado
Name three types of syrup
Molasses
Golden syrup
Black treacle
Maple syrup
Name the sugar produced by bees
Honey
What is the glycaemic index (GI)?
How quickly foods are absorbed by the body
What are some of the benefits to honey?
Lower GI
Antioxidant
Antibacterial
Antifungal
How can honey be used?
As a spread on bread
Combined with lemon to make a medicinal drink
As a coating on breakfast cereals
As a sweet ingredients in recipes
What are artificial sweeteners?
Synthetically produced food additives which have a sweet flavour without the calories of sugar
Name a range of artificial sweeteners
Acesulfame Aspartame Saccharin Sucralose Sorbitol Stevia Tagatose Xyliotol
What are monosaccharides?
Single molecules of sugar
Name a range of monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
What foods in glucose found in?
Fruits and vegetables
What foods is fructose found in?
Fruits, vegetables and honey
What foods is galactose found in?
Milk
It’s part of lactose
What are disaccharides?
Two linked sugar molecules
Give two examples of disaccharides
Sucrose
Lactose
What two sugars make up sucrose?
Glucose and fructose
What two sugars make up lactose?
Glucose and galactose
What macronutrients are sugars part of?
Carbohydrates
What makes a food a high sugar food?
Having more than 22.5g per 100g
What makes a food a low sugar food?
Having less than 5g per 100g
What are the functions of sugar in cooking?
Adding sweetness Adding texture Adding colour As a raising agent For preservation Fermentation Coagulation Foaming Enzymic browning
What is caramelisation?
When sugar is heated it becomes a liquid and turns brown
This occurs at 154oC
How does sugar help with aeration?
When creamed with a fat as part of the creaming method, sugar helps to trap air
How does sugar affect coagulation?
Increased the temperature at which eggs and gluten coagulate
How does a sugar help when making a foam?
It helps to stabilise the foam e.g. when making meringues
How does sugar affect enzymic browning?
Prevents enzymic browning from happening
