Food choice Flashcards
What are the nine most common factors that affect food choice?
Availability Cost Culture Religion Ethics Seasonal foods Medical conditions Marketing and advertising Labelling
How can availability affect food choice?
Whether food can be grown locally or needs to be imported
The climate and terrain needed to grow foods
Shops available
Rural or cities: Which one has a wider range of foods available?
Cities
Rural or cities: Which one normally has cheaper food?
Rural
List six factors that affect food price.
Increase in population Increase in agricultural costs Increase in fuel costs Political unrest e.g. wars Change in weather and climate Change in buying habits
What is food poverty?
When an individual or household can’t afford to buy healthy, nutritious food
What are the affects of food poverty?
Restricted diet
Illnesses e.g. heart disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes and cancer
Inadequate vitamin and mineral intake
Rise in malnutrition
Children experiencing hunger during school holidays
In 2014 how many families received food parcels from food banks?
350,000
How can you save money when food shopping?
Compare prices online Use low-cost supermarkets e.g. aldi Choose own brand products Take care of special offers Use coupons, vouchers and loyalty cards Plan meals in advance Buy seasonal foods
How can you save money when cooking foods?
Plan meals so leftovers aren’t wasted
Use cheaper cuts of meats e.g offal and belly pork
Use quick cooking methods e.g. microwaving
Batch cooking
Make meals from scratch
What do Christians not eat on Fridays?
Meat, they have fish instead
What types of foods must Jewish people eat?
Kosher
What types of foods must Muslims eat?
Halal
What do Muslims not drink?
Alcohol
What meat do Hindus not eat?
Beef
What type of special diet do most Buddhists follow?
Vegetarian or pescatarian
What two foods do Sikhs avoid?
Alcohol and beef
What type of foods do Rastafarians eat?
Ital (clean and natural)
What does the term free range mean?
Animals are not enclosed for 24 hours a day
What is intensive or factory farming?
High yield farming methods that don’t use the most ethical methods
What are the advantages to organic farming?
Better quality of food (unproven) Better taste (unproven) Less ethical concerns Less environmental impact Uses sustainable production methods
What are the disadvantages to organic farming?
More expensive due to lower yields
More labour intensive
What does farm assured mean?
Red tractor label
Produced with high standards of safety, hygiene, health, welfare and environmental protection
What are the advantages to GM (genetically modified) foods?
Increased yields
Plants can grow in more hostile environments
Cheap to produce
Longer shelf life
What are the disadvantages to GM (genetically modified) foods?
Controversial
Labelling not always clear
Concerns over new allergy and health issues
Cross pollination (between GM and non-GM crops)
What does Fairtrade mean?
Decent working conditions and fair pay for farmers and workers in less economically developed countries
What does the term food miles mean?
How far a food has travelled from production to plate
What does the term seasonal food mean?
Foods that are naturally available at different times of the year
What are the benefits of eating seasonal food?
Reduces food miles
Cheaper
Supports local economies
Fresher foods
What type of diet should people with type 2 diabetes follow?
High in starchy carbohydrates
High in fibre
Low in fat
Low in sugar
What type of diet should people with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) follow?
Low in saturated fat
Higher in polyunsaturated fats
High fibre
What type of diet should coeliacs follow?
Gluten free
What foods should people with anaemia eat?
Dark green leafy vegetables Iron fortified cereals and bread Brown rice Pulses and beans Nuts and seeds Meat, fish and tofu Eggs Dried fruit e.g. apricot
What is advertising?
Highlights the range of products available to consumers
What is marketing?
The strategies used to sell products
List methods of advertising
Television Internet Billboards Shop windows Buses and trains Newspapers and magazines Cinemas Leaflets Celebrity endorsements
What information must be on food labels?
Name of the food Quantity Storage information Country of origin Best-before or use-by date Allergies Ingredients in weight order Cooking instructions Name and address of manufacturer
What are the four main tastes?
Sweet
Salty
Sour
Bitter
What is a ranking test?
When you place foods in rank order e.g. how much a person likes them or a specific quality like sweetness
What is a triangle test?
A test to see if people can identify the odd food out
What is a rating test?
People mark foods on qualities and how much they like them from a lot to dislike a lot
What is a profile test?
Star profile tests
People rate samples out of five on a range of qualities
What does the term convenience food mean?
Foods that have been pre-prepared or preserved before purchase
What are the categories of preserved foods?
Canned/tinned Frozen Jars/bottles Dried Chilled MAP packaging
What are the advantages to using convenience foods?
Saves time and effort
Makes cooking easier
Longer shelf life
Useful for people who have limited cooking skills
What are the disadvantages to using convenience foods?
Not as good quality as fresh Highly processed so not as healthy More expensive Often contain additives Use more packaging
What are the three types of additive?
Natural
Synthetic
Artificial
What are natural additives?
Additives found from natural sources e.g. extracts
What are synthetic additives?
Additives that are man-made copies of natural substances
What are artificial additives?
Additives produced chemically that are not copies of natural substances
What are preservatives?
Additives that prevent food spoilage and extends shelf life
What are antioxidants?
Additives that stop foods going rancid or oxidising (going brown)
What are colourings?
Additives that restore colours lost through processing
What type of additive has been linked to hyperactivity in children?
Colourings
What are flavour enhancers?
Additives which bring out the natural flavour in processed foods
What are sweeteners?
Additives which intensify the sweetness of a product
What are anti-caking agents?
Additives which stop dried foods settling and forming lumps
What are emulsifiers?
Additives which help mix ingredients together that wouldn’t normally mix
What are stabilisers?
Additives which stop foods separating
What are gelling agents?
Additives which change the consistency of a product
What are thickeners?
Additives which thicken the viscosity of products
What is market research?
Gathering and studying of data relating to consumer opinions and preferences
What is product placement?
Placing a product in a prominent position to encourage people to buy it
