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Ophthalmology > Sudden painless visual loss > Flashcards

Sudden painless visual loss Flashcards

1
Q

List the causes of sudden painless visual loss (h:noir but flip n)

A

Vitreous haemorrhage, Occlusion of retinal artery or vein, Ischaemic optic neuropathy, Retinal detachment

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2
Q

Causes of occlusion of the retinal vein? (3)

A

Glaucoma, Hypertension, Polycythaemia

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3
Q

Features of occlusion of the retinal vein? (2)

A

Sudden painless monocular visional loss, OR Dense central scotoma

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4
Q

Investigations of occlusion of the retinal vein? (6)

A

Visual acuity, Pupil analysis, Intraoular pressure, Anterior slit lamp, Fundoscopy, Fluorescein angiography

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5
Q

What can be seen on a fundoscopy in occlusion of the retinal vein? (2)

A

“Blood and thunder fundus” Retinal haemorrhage, Oedema

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6
Q

What can be seen on a fluorescein angiography in occlusion of the retinal vein? (3)

A

retinal capillary ischaemia, Macular oedema, Neovascularisation

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7
Q

Treatment of occlusion of the retinal vein occlusion ?

A

Vitrectomy

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8
Q

Causes of ischaemic optic neuropathy?

A

Temporal arteritis,

Atherosclerosis

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9
Q

Causes of retinal detachment?

A

Trauma,

Retinal tears,

Positive family history,

Cataract surgery complication,

Myopia

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10
Q

What are the 3 forms of retinal detachement? (h:RETinal)

A

Rhegmatogenous,

Exudative,

Tractional

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11
Q

Symptoms of retinal detachement? (h: 4Fs)

A
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12
Q

Investigations for retinal detachment? (5)

A

Visual acuity,

Pupil analysis,

Visual field analysis,

Anterior slit lamp examination,

Fundoscopy (detached portion appears as grey opalescent)

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13
Q

Treatment for retinal detachment?

A
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14
Q

Occlusion of the retinal artery causes? (2)

A

Temporal arteritis,

Atherosclerosis

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15
Q

Risk factors of retinal artery occlusion? (3)

A

Atrial fibrillation,

Coagulopathies,

Sickel cell disease

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16
Q

Treatment for occlusion of retinal artery?

A

Lower IOP:

  • ocular massage,
  • anterior chamber paracentesis

Medications:

  • Timolol,
  • Acetazolamide,
  • Mannitol
  • Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
17
Q

What is vitreous haemorrhage?

A

Leakage of blood into areas around the vitreous humor of the eye

18
Q

Causes of vitreous haemorrhage?

A

Diabetes mellitus,

Coagulaton disorders

19
Q

Presentation of vitreous haemorrhage?

A

Sudden painless visual loss- “cobwebs and floaters”

photophobia,

photopsia

20
Q

Treatment of virtreous haemorrhage?

A

Bed rest with 30-45 degree elevation of head,

Laser therapy,

Cryotherapy,

Vitrectomy

Ophthalmology (8 decks)

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