Successes and challenges of control in India Flashcards
Successes in India ( all reasons )
- officials enjoyed unrestrained control
- Civil Service changed to preserve British influence
- Policy of ‘ divide and rule ‘
- Provincial councils
- Economic and Social development
How did officials enjoy unrestrained power and what was the impact of this ?
- Officials enjoyed unrestrained control.At the top of this, was the Viceroy and the Civil Service; they ensured that the regime was secure, The Indians acquiescent and that India continued to be profitable for the British
How was officials enjoying unrestrained power a success of control ?
- able to ensure many things which meant British control in India was a success.
What changes were made to the Civil Service which preserved British influence ?
- Curzon made changes in the civil serve to improve efficiency.
What shows that the British had the support of the natives in India ?
There were strict limitations on the size of the Civil Service due to its heavy pay and pensions, so there were often no more than 3 or 4 officers per district.
- This meant that rule required the collaboration of the native - even more so with the expansion of railways and the spread of education which had increase English literacy rates.
What was the policy of ‘ divide and rule ‘
Policy of ‘ divide and rule ‘ involved emphasising the divisions within India ( race, language, religion, occupation, and religion ) and asserted British control morality to bring in ‘ enlightened reform ‘ to such as diverse nation.
How was the collaboration of the provincial council a success for British control ?
The British acknowledged some degree of Indian representation on provincial council in reform in 1892 and 1909.
- showed that many educated Indians still saw British rule as the best route to the future despite Strongs of nationalist emergence.
Challenges in India ( all reasons )
- Indian National Congress caused issues
- Social and humanitaria groups
- Partition of Bengal
How did the Indian National Congress cause issues / proved a challenge for the British ?
It became increasingly critical of British rule. They criticised British trading agreements, restraints on Indian industry and the heavy taxation.
How were social and humanitaria groups a challenge to British control ?
- Pressure came from social and humanitarian groups such as the ‘ Servants of India ‘ society. This was active amongst the ‘ untouchable ‘ community at the bottom of the caste system who wanted old restrictive laws
How did the partition of Bengal cause issues/ a challenge for British rule ?
Produced uproar among the Hindu elite.
- Led to Hindu strikes, protests and boycotts of British made goods.
- Surendrath Banerjee, led campaigns and a new strand of nationalism began to develop
How was there economic and social development ?
Economic and social development
- improvements in civil service
- reforms of universities and police
- gold standard to to establish a stable currency led to more intervention into India
Economy developed
How did the British benefit from the economic and social development ?
British benefitted both physically as the economy developed and cities grew and also in terms of raising money through taxation
What was Morley Minto to left to deal with ?
He was left to deal with the fall out of Curzon’s plans
Why was Minto able to introduce his reforms ?
- with/had the encouragement of the new Liberal government from 1906
- had help of John Morley, Secretary of State
