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SS- Renal > Substances > Flashcards

Substances Flashcards

1
Q

inulin

A

measures ECF

measures GFR

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2
Q

(131) I- albumin

A

measures plasma

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3
Q

Evan’s Blue Dye

A

measures plasma

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4
Q

antipyrene

A

measures TBW

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5
Q

(2) or (3) H20

heavy water

A

measures TBW

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6
Q

thiosulfate

A

measures ECF

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7
Q

Na+ probe

A

measures ECF

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8
Q

erythropoietin

A

increase RBC

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9
Q

1-alpha hydroxylase

A

produces active Vit. D (calcitriol)

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10
Q

renin

A

converts alpha2 globulin into angiotensin I

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11
Q

bradykinin

A

vasodilation

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12
Q

PGE2

A

vasodilate afferent arteriole

increase GFR

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13
Q

NO

A

vasodilator

increase GFR

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14
Q

endothelin-1

A

potent vasoconstrictor: constrict afferent and efferent and decrease GFR
produced in endothelial injury

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15
Q

angiotensin II

A
  1. vasoconstrictor: reduces GFR and opposes autoregulation
  2. stimulates aldosterone
  3. enhances PT Na reabsorption (Na/H antiporter activation)
  4. augments SNS
  5. vasopressin secretion
  6. contraction of mesangial cells which decreases glomerular capillary SA and reduces permeability
    binds AT1 and AT2
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16
Q

aldosterone

A

secreted from adrenal cortex
acts on: principal cells in CD
Na reabsorption, K secretion
MOA: binds to cytoplasmic receptor, moves to nucleus and stimulates NaK-ATPase and stimulates ENac to move Na into cell, lumen becomes negative stimulating ROMK for K secretion
increases: Na/Cl cotransporter; synthesis Kreb enzymes (ATP synthesis); basolateral SA

17
Q

insulin

A

degraded by kidney
moves K into cells: stimulates Na/H exchanger (Na into cell) wich in turn stimulates Na/K ATPase
Tx: hyperkalemia

18
Q

creatinine

A

measure GFR

10% secretion = overestimates GFR

19
Q

Para-aminohippurate (PAH)

A

measure renal plasma flow

filtered and actively secreted (completely in one pass)

20
Q

carbonic anhydrase

A

cell: converts H2O + CO2 to H2CO3
lumen: converts H2CO3 to H2O + CO2

21
Q

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

DCT: conserve Ca
PCT: decreases Na/PO4 cotransporter: increases PO4 excretion
stimulate 1-alphahydroxylase
decreases PTH: Ca, calcitriol, FGF23
increases PTH: high phosphorus, low Ca, FGF23

22
Q

Natriuretic peptide (ANP)

A

medullary CD
increase NaCl excretion (renal vessel: dilate afferent and constrict efferent); inhibits reabsorption (tubules); inhibits aldosterone (adrenal cortex)
does not alter K secretion

23
Q

vasopressin (AVP) or antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

secreted from posterior pituitary
responds to increase plasma osmolality and pressure (ECFV: if severe decrease, overrides plasma osmolarity)
binds V2
inserts urea channels in cells of inner medullary CD to pack more urea into interstitium

24
Q

V2

A

receptor on epithelial cells in CD basolateral membrane
cAMP pathway, PKA
inserts aquaporin 2 into luminal membrane of CD

25
Q

Na

A

impermeable to cell membrane

26
Q

urea

A

permeable to cell membrane

27
Q

water

A

permeable to cell membrane

28
Q

glycerol

A

slowly permeable to cell membrane

29
Q

adrenaline/epinephrine

A

vasoconstrictor: preferential afferent
decrease GFR
moves K into cells: stimulate Na/K ATPase through B receptor

30
Q

angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

A

cleaves angiotensin I into angiotensin II in kidney and lung

31
Q

phosphate

A

urinary buffer for acidic urine

accounts for max H excretion of 10-40 mEq daily

32
Q

B blocker

A

impairs hormonal Na/K ATPase: elevated K in ECF

33
Q

alpha receptor

A

inhibits Na/K ATPase

34
Q

bicarbonate

A

increase K uptake into cell

Tx: hyperkalemia

35
Q

V1

A

vascular cells of medulla regulate renal blood flow

36
Q

AT1

A

angiontensin II receptor

mediates angiotensin II actions on vessels and renal tubules

37
Q

calcitonin

A

Ca into bones

SS- Renal (11 decks)

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