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SS- Renal > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

kidneys

A 
retroperitoneal 
T12-L3
right kidney: 12th rib
left kidney: 11th and 12th rib
*right kidney lower: only one that is palpable normally
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2
Q

ureters

A
  1. descend on surface of psoas major
  2. cross pelvic brim at bifurcation of iliac arteries
  3. enter posterior wall of bladder at superior angles of trigone
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3
Q

bladder

A

rests on pelvic diaphragm just posterior to pubic symphysis

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4
Q

urethra

A

neck of bladder

passes through perineum to urethral orifice

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5
Q

arrangement of vessels/ureter

A

anterior: vein
middle: artery
posterior: ureter

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6
Q

renal columns

A

extension of renal cortex into the medulla

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7
Q

renal papilla

A

apex of medullary pyramid surrounded by minor calyx

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8
Q

renal corpuscle

A

glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule and glomerulus

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9
Q

nephron

A

renal corpuscle and tubular system (PCT, LOH, DCT, NOT including CD)

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10
Q

collecting ducts

A

empty renal papilla into minor calyx

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11
Q

hilum of kidney

A

medial

transpyloric plane

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12
Q

paravertebral gutter

A

junction between posts major and quadratus lomborum muscles

kidneys lie here

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13
Q

perirenal (perinephric) fat

A

deep to renal fascia

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14
Q

pararenal (paranephric) fat

A

superficial to renal fascia

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15
Q

renal fascia

A

fused superiorly and across hilum
open inferiorly for movement during inspiration
*infection spreads inferiorly in pelvic cavity rather than up or to contralateral kidney

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16
Q

nephroptosis

A

dropped kidney: fascia does not provide support inferiorly

differentiate from ectopic: normal length of ureter (coils and kinks)

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17
Q

superior to superior pole of kidney

A

suprarenal glands/ adrenal glands

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18
Q

anterior surface of right kidney

A

hilum: 2nd part of duodenum
most of anterior surface (superior pole to middle): liver
inferior: right colic flexure

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19
Q

anterior surface of left kidney

A

hilum, middle of kidney: pancreas
superior: gastric
upper lateral: spleen
lower lateral: descending colon

20
Q

posterior surface of kidney

A

muscles: diaphragm, psoas major, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis muscles
ribs 11-12
nerves of lumbar plexus: subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

21
Q

nutcracker

A

aorta and superior mesenteric artery

superior: left renal vein
lower: 3rd part of duodenum

22
Q

renal arteries

A

branch slightly below superior mesenteric branch
LV1/LV2
right: longer, passes behind IVC
branch into anterior and posterior branch before entering hilum
give off inferior suprarenal artery

23
Q

renal veins

A

left: longer, receives left gonadal vein (right gonadal vein empties into IVC)

24
Q

nutcracker syndrome

A

compression of left renal vein between SMA and aorta
Sx: hematuria, proteinuria, left flank pain, left testicular pain, varicocele (bag of worms)
N/V if duodenum is compressed
differentiate from hydrocele: pain reduces while lying down, does NOT transmit light

25
Q

SMA sundrome

A

compression of duodenum between SMA and aorta

26
Q

sympathetic innervation of kidney

A

T12
preganglionic: least splanchnic nerve
renal/aorticorenal ganglion
vasoconstriction, decreased urine production

27
Q

parasympathetic innervation of kidney

A

dorsal motor nucleus
vagus
vasodilation, increased urine production

28
Q

sensory innervation of kidney

A

GVA fibers traveling with sympathetic or parasympathetic feed

29
Q

lymphatic drainage of kidney

A 
lateral aortic (lumbar) or lateral caval nodes around origin of renal vessels
lateral lumbar lymph to lumbar trunk to cisterna chyli to thoracic duct to junction of subclavian and jugular vein
30
Q

renal transplant

A

site: iliac fossa of greater pelvis, attach artery and vein to external iliac, ureter to bladder
fascia between adrenal gland and kidney prevents adrenal gland damage

31
Q

What embryonic tissue is the kidney derived from?

A

intermediate mesoderm of urogenital ridge

32
Q

ureteric bud

A

ureter, renal pelvis, calyces, CD

absent: renal agenesis

33
Q

mesonephric duct

A

contributes to male genital tract

34
Q

metanephric mass (blastema)

A

cap over ureteric bud
forms nephron
absent: renal agenesis

35
Q

supernumerary kidney

A

more than 2 kidneys

splitting of metanephric blastema

36
Q

kidney lobe

A

medullary pyramid and overlying cortex + half of renal columns on each side of pyramid

37
Q

cortical interstitial cells

A

fibroblasts and macrophages

38
Q

medullary interstitial cells

A

myofibroblasts

39
Q

mesangial cells

A

phagocytose debris, provide structural support

secrete: IL-I, PDGF

40
Q

cortical labyrinths

A

renal corpuscles, PCT, DCT

41
Q

medullary ray

A

straight, ascending tubules, collecting ducts

42
Q

kidney lobule

A

medullary ray and adjacent one half of labyrinths

43
Q

blood flow in kidney

A

renal to lobar to interlobar to arcuate to interlobular into afferent arteriole to glomerulus to efferent to pertibular capillaries to vasa recta and veins

44
Q

epithelium of ureter

A

transitional
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis: inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal (outer only in distal ureter)
adventitia/serosa
lower: stratified or pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

45
Q

epithelium of bladder

A 
transitional
same as ureter
muscular thicker
suprerior surface: serosa
rest: adventitia

SS- Renal (11 decks)

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