Substance Use Disorders - Basketball Diaries Flashcards
Substance Use Disorder
- maladaptive pattern of behaviors that are related to a continued use of drugs
- previously referred to as substance dependence and addiction depending on level of severity
Substance Induced Disorder
- problems arising from impact of taking a drug (intoxication) or discontinuing its repeated use (withdrawal)
- manual has 10 classes of drugs that can lead to substance related disorders
Tolerance
The process through which the nervous system becomes less sensitive to the effects of drugs
Metabolic Tolerance
• body becomes adapted to the drug
Pharmacodynamic Tolerance
• changes in receptor binding due to drug use
Behavioral Tolerance
• resistance to the behavioral effects of a drug
Conditioned Place Preference
- when an individual does drugs in one place, he associated the location with drugs
- body prepares for the drug when in the location
Withdrawal
- symptoms experienced when a person stops using a drug (alcohol withdrawal delirium)
- cold turkey
- rapid
- medical assisted
Cold Turkey
- stopping suddenly
- could be dangerous, causing seizures and heart attacks
- if relapse does occur, tolerance has been lost so overdose can happen
Rapid Withdrawal
- involves detoxing while under anesthesia to avoid withdrawal symptoms
- happens over 4-6 hours
- opioid antagonist drugs like naltrexone are used to remove the drug from the system
- does not help brain addiction
- many patients go home with nausea, strong cravings, and pain for days
- in some cases causes death
Medical Assisted Withdrawal
- where medical professionals monitor the withdrawal
* helps withdrawal symptoms not be as bad when the patient is released
Symptoms of Heroin Use
- state of dreamlike euphoria, accompanied by increased sensitivity in hearing and vision
- positive mood effects (dont last, replaced by negative mood)
- can induce nausea and vomiting among novice users
- constructs the pupils of the eye, and disrupt the coordination of the digestive system
Long Term Effects of Heroin Use
- chronically lethargic, losing motivation to remain productive
- tolerance develops quickly
- reduced sex drive, infertility
- death in high doses over time
Reasons of Addiction
- making up for a lack of personal relationships
- boredom causes addictive behavior
- stimulation of the reward pathways in the brain
Reward Pathway
- nucleus accumbens
- ventral tegmental area
- medial forebrain bundle
Role of Dopamine
Reinforces the pleasure associated with the drug
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment
- coping skills
- anger management focuses on factors that create and maintain addiction
- addresses negative patterns of thinking expectations
Short Term Motivational Therapy
- non confrontational motivational therapy
- recognize inconsistency between behavior and long term goals
- primary goal to increase awareness of the substance use problems
Relapse Prevention
- relapse almost always happens
- focusing on increasing sense of control of one’s life
- adaptive coping skill
- abstinence violation effects
Abstinence Violation Effects
• where relapsing a small amount causes the person to give up on abstinence and they indulge
Naloxone Agonists and Antagonists
- opiate blockers used to force the body to begin detoxing
- highly dangerous
- methadone
- problematic: replacing one drug with another
Narcan
- nasal spray used to treat opioid overdose
* police carry it to prevent overdoses
Heroin Withdrawal
- 8 hours after a dose: intense drug cravings, moodiness, anxiety, depression, fear of withdrawal
- 8-24 hours: stomach cramps, watery eyes, nose, and sweating, restlessness
- 3 days: diarrhea, fever and chills, muscle spasms, joint pain, and tremor, nausea and vomiting, increased heart rate/blood pressure
