Mood Disorders - Ordinary People, Silver Linings Playbook

Question 1

Emotion

Answer 1

• arousal defined by subjective states of feeling

* interpretations of somatic sensations

Question 2

Affect

Answer 2

• pattern of observable behaviors

Question 3

Mood

Answer 3

• pervasive and sustained emotional response that can color perception

Question 4

Clinical Depression

Answer 4

• depressed mood accompanied by other symptoms such as loss of energy, loss of pleasure, fatigue, and change in sleep and appetite

Question 5

Dysthymia

Answer 5

• persistent depressive disorder
• a chronic state of depression, with similar but less severe symptoms of major depression
• persistent, lasting more than 2 years
• leads to severe outcomes such as social isolation, high suicide risk, and being mislabeled

Question 6

Learned Helplessness

Answer 6

• when there is no more effort made to try to get oneself out of a bad situation

Question 7

Ruminating Styles

Answer 7

• dwelling on negative thoughts
• expressive
• more common in women

Question 8

Distracting Style

Answer 8

• doing other things to stop unpleasant thoughts

* more frequent in men

Question 9

Antidepressants

Answer 9

• tricyclics
• SSRIs
• MAOIs

Question 10

Tricyclics

Answer 10

• imipramine and amitriptyline
• more side effects than SSRI, like constipation, drowsiness, drop in BP, blurred vision
• equal in efficacy to SSRIs

Question 11

SSRIs

Answer 11

• most frequently used antidepressant
• easier to use than other antidepressants
• fewer side effects
• less dangerous in overdose

Question 12

MAOIs

Answer 12

• phenelzine (nardil)
• not as effective
• side effects: consuming foods with tyramine increases BP

Question 13

Emotional Symptoms of Depression

Answer 13

• depressed or dysphoric mood
• irritability
• anxiety

Question 14

Cognitive Symptoms of Depression

Answer 14

• slowed thinking
• worthlessness
• guilt
• suicidal thoughts

Question 15

Somatic Symptoms of Depression

Answer 15

• aches and pains
• changes in sleep and appetite
• loss of sexual desires

Question 16

Behavioral Symptoms

Answer 16

• psychomotor retardation

Question 17

Suicide

Answer 17

• highest rate among white men over 50 who were successful in their careers
• the midwest is the suicide belt

Question 18

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression

Answer 18

• focuses on helping patients replace self defeating thoughts with more rational statements
• current experiences
• effective for unipolar depression

Question 19

Interpersonal Therapy

Answer 19

• focuses on current relationships, especially familial

* attempts to improve relationships by building communication and problem solving skills

Question 20

Psychodynamic Therapy for Depression

Answer 20

• revealing the unconscious motivations

Question 21

Bereavement

Answer 21

• death of a relative or friend

* used to not qualify for depression until 2 months after the loss, now removed

Question 22

Post-Traumatic Growth

Answer 22

Working through issues and becoming emotionally more stable, closer to loved ones, mature

Question 23

Heterogeneity

Answer 23

all patients do not have exactly the same set of symptoms, the same pattern of onset, or the same course over time

Question 24

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 24

• persistent sad or low mood that is severe enough to impair a person’s interest in normally enjoyable activities
• episodic illness

Question 25

Single Episode

Answer 25

Lasts 2 weeks to several months

Question 26

Course and Outcome of Depression

Answer 26

* average age is 32 * lengths of episodes vary * half of all unipolar patients recover in 6 months * must last at least 2 weeks

Question 27

No Meaning/No Growth

Answer 27

* Describes individuals who continue to search for meaning in loss * more likely to experience negative changes in worldview, seeing world as unfair or dangerous * get stuck in the process of loss, unable to experience personal growth

Question 28

Minimal Threat/Minimal Growth

Answer 28

* describes individuals who do not seek explanations or meaning in loss * do not attempt to process their emotions or identify how loss affects them * no changes in philosophy towards world, only adds an extension of existing views

Question 29

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 29

* involved manic or hypomanic episodes * cannot be comorbid with depression * bipolar I, bipolar II, or cyclothymia

Question 30

Bipolar I

Answer 30

• At least one full blown manic episode

Question 31

Bipolar II

Answer 31

* at least one hypomanic episode * no full blown manic episode * does not disturb functioning

Question 32

Cyclothymia

Answer 32

* bipolar equivalent of persistent depressive disorder | * 2 years or more numerous hypomanic and depressive episodes

Question 33

Emotional Symptoms of Bipolar

Answer 33

* depressed or dysphoric mood * euphoria * irritability * anxiety

Question 34

Cognitive Symptoms of Bipolar

Answer 34

* slowed thinking * guilt and worthlessness * guilt * suicidal thoughts * sped up thoughts * grandiosity

Question 35

Somatic Symptoms of Bipolar

Answer 35

* aches and pains * changes in sleep and appetite * loss of sexual desire

Question 36

Behavioral Symptoms

Answer 36

* psychomotor retardation * psychomotor agitation * gregarious and energetic

Question 37

Course and Outcome of Bipolar

Answer 37

* occurs between 18-22 * first onset can be depression or mania * average duration of a manic episode runs between 2-3 months * long term course is often intermittent * mixed long term prognosis

Question 38

Treatments for Bipolar

Answer 38

* lithium and anticonvulsants | * psychotherapy

Question 39

Lithium

Answer 39

* moderates glutamate levels * effective in manic symptom alleviation * 40% of patients dont improve * non compliance due to missing the highs of mania

Question 40

Euthymic

Answer 40

Stop taking

Question 41

Anticonvulsants

Answer 41

* more than 50% respond to these drugs * used to treat rapid cycling * side effects

Question 42

Psychotherapy

Answer 42

* can be effective supplement to biological intervention * interpersonal therapy * social rhythm therapy

Question 43

Interpersonal Therapy Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT)

Answer 43

Helps social rhythm and daily routine changes, setting a schedule

Question 44

Age of Onset for Depression

Answer 44

32 years

Question 45

Age of Onset for Bipolar Disorder

Answer 45

18-22 years