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Psychology > Substance Use and Impulse Control > Flashcards

Substance Use and Impulse Control Flashcards

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1
Q

alcohol withdrawal delirium

A

someone experiencing scary hallucinations and body tremors when they withdraw from alcohol

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2
Q

These drugs influence perception, distorting feelings, sights, sounds, and smells

A

hallucinogens

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3
Q

Greater and greater amounts of a substance are required to achieve the same effect.

A

tolerance

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4
Q

These substances affect behavior, cognition, and mood. Many accepted, commonly used substances are in this category

A

psychoactive

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5
Q

An unpleasant physical response occurs when a dependent user stops taking a substance.

A

withdrawal

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6
Q

Substances that include alcohol, reduce arousal, and cause relaxation

A

depressants

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7
Q

What are maladaptive behaviors and reactions that occur after repeated use of substances

A
  • physical dependence
  • tolerance
  • withdrawal reactions
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8
Q

Substance abuse disorder

A

pattern of maladaptive behaviors and reactions from repeated use of substances

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9
Q

what where the results of the CADS (Canadian Alcohol Disorder Survey) for alcohol

A
  • youth aged 20-24 = most likely to use excessively
  • more likely to report harm due to use
  • 21% experience 1 alcohol-related harm
  • no difference between men and women
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10
Q

what where the results of the CADS (Canadian Alcohol Disorder Survey) for cannabis

A
  • use increased from 15% (2017) to 21% (2019)
  • M (23%) more likely to use than W (19%)
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11
Q

what are depressants

A

slows activity in CNS which aims to reduce physiological arousal and help us relax (includes alcohol + sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic drugs

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12
Q

effects of alcohol on the brain

A
  • increases GABA (inhibitory), which increases dopamine + endorphins levels
  • Women are affected the most
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13
Q

what are stimulants and what do they do

A
  • increases activity in CNS > high blood pressure + heart rate
  • caffeine, nicotine, cocaine
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14
Q

possible negative effects of depressants

A
  • societal, physical health costs (ex: suicides, assaults, accidents)
  • Korsakoff’s and FAS
  • DEATH
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15
Q

what is Korsakoff’s

A

neurological memory disorder cause by misuse of alcohol

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16
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

result of drinking alcohol during pregnancy, which causes child to have physical deformities + intellectual deficiencies

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17
Q

effects of cocaine on the brain

A

increases dopamine activity (sense of ‘a rush’)

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18
Q

possible negative effects of stimulants

A
  • mania, paranoia, psychosis, post cocaine depression
  • DEATH
19
Q

what are hallucinogens and what do they do

A
  • LSD ,ecstasy, cannabis
  • hallucinations, sensory changes
20
Q

effects of cannabis on the brain

A
  • altered perception of the world
  • mood swings
  • heightened sensory experience
  • memory, concentration, motivation impairment
21
Q

possible negative effects of hallucinogens

A
  • anxiety, suspicion, accidents, memory problems
  • PSYCHOSIS
22
Q

what causes substance abuse disorder according to the sociocultural view?

A
  • stressful socio-economic conditions (poverty affect)
  • development in families / environment where substance use = valued/accepted (differences in culture)
23
Q

what causes substance abuse disorder according to the cognitive-behavioral view?

A
  • Operant conditioning: drugs decrease tension > rewarding
  • expectancy, self-medicating
  • classical conditioning (CS present during drug taking comes to produce craving
23
Q

what causes substance abuse disorder according to the psychodynamic view?

A
  • lack of parental nurturing
  • “addictive personality”
  • Id too powerful
  • self-medicating (ex: numbing emotional symptoms with alcohol)
24
Q

what causes substance abuse disorder according to the biological view?

A

genetic predisposition (raises question on environmental/genetic causes) + biochemistry

25
Q

Biological view > genetic predisposition

A

concordance rates:
- MZ: 54%
- DZ: 28%

adoption studies:
- children’s alcohol use = similar to biological parents

abnormal DA (dopamine activity)
- decrease in D2 activity

26
Q

Biological view > biochemistry

A
  • drugs activate “pleasure pathway” in brain
    medial forebrain bundle:
  • DA = key ( cocaine activates dopamine)
27
Q

incentive-sensitization theory

A
  • after chronic use of drugs/alcohol, reward pathway becomes hyper sensitive to them
  • supposed by animal studies
28
Q

reward-deficiency syndrome

A
  • reward pathway does not respond normally to “normal” pleasurable life events
  • compensate w/drug + alcohol use – especially when stressed
29
Q

psychodynamic treatment

A
  • unconscious needs and conflicts that lead to drug use
  • not well supported by research
  • may even be harmful
  • best in combo with other treatments
30
Q

behavioral treatments

A
  • aversion therapy
  • covert sensitization
  • contingency management therapy
31
Q

aversion therapy

A

-based on classical conditioning
- most commonly applied to alcoholism
- reduce or avoid an undesirable behavior pattern by conditioning the person to associate the behavior with an undesirable stimulus

32
Q

covert sensitization

A

produce negative response to alcohol by having someone imagine an unpleasant image every time they drink

33
Q

contingency management therapy

A

get rewards if pass urine test

34
Q

goal of cognitive-behavioral treatment

A

identify and change patterns/thoughts contributing to substance misuse

35
Q

name + explain a cognitive-behavioral treatment

A
  • relapse prevention training
  • gain control over substance-related behaviors
36
Q

what meds are used for drug withdrawal and detox

A

antidepressants > alcohol withdrawal

37
Q

what does naltrexone (vivitrol) do

A

blocks alcohol’s effects + reduces cravings

38
Q

what does disulfiram (Antabuse) do

A

if drink > nausea + vomiting

39
Q

name heroin/opiate addiction meds and what they do

A

methadone + Buprenorphine > suppress cravings + withdrawal symptoms

40
Q

what is the most common sociocultural tx

A

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) (cheap support group, spirituality based)

41
Q

disadvantages of AA (alcoholics anonymous)

A
  • may worser matters
  • group in AA> 60% dropped out and continued BINGE DRINKING 5 months later
42
Q

what features are similar to drug/alcohol use in behavioral addiction

A
  • preoccupation
  • worsened by stress
  • go through ‘withdrawal’ if can’t do behavior (like depression, anxiety)

Psychology (5 decks)

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