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Psychology > Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

personality definition

A

unique and long-term pattern that is consistent

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2
Q

what does personality look like in healthy people

A
  • flexible + adaptable to new environments
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3
Q

how is personality with people with personality disorders

A
  • inflexible
  • rigid pattern
  • seen in most social interactions
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4
Q

prevalence

A
  • 6% -15% of Canadian population
  • sx remain relatively stable over time
  • very difficult to treat
  • can get worse after a loss
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5
Q

Cluster A (odd) personality disorder characteristics

A
  • display behaviour similar to, but not as extensive as ‘schizophrenia’
  • rarely seek treatment
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6
Q

Odd personality disorder types

A

paranoia, schizoid, schizotypal

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7
Q

paranoia characteristics

A
  • deep distrust + suspicion of others
    (critical of people + blame others, hold grudges)
  • usually not “delusional”
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8
Q

paranoia statistics

A
  • 0.3% - 0.5% of adults
  • more common with men
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9
Q

schizoid

A
  • avoids social relationships
  • limited emotional expression
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10
Q

schizoid statistics

A

under 0.1% of population slightly higher in M than W

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11
Q

schizotypal characteristics

A
  • extreme discomfort in relationships
  • odd/bizarre ways of thinking + acting
  • poor ability to focus attention
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12
Q

schizotypal statistics

A
  • 2 - 4 % of all people
  • Slightly more men than woman
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13
Q

causes of cluster A personality disorders > psychodynamic

A
  • demanding or rejecting/abusive parents
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14
Q

causes of cluster A personality disorders > cognitive

A

disorders/deficiencies in thinking

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15
Q

biological causes of cluster A personality disorders

A

genetic causes

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16
Q

psychodynamic treatment for cluster A personality disorders

A

work towards building satisfying relationships

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17
Q

cognitive treatment for cluster A personality disorders

A

evaluate emotions + perceptions

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18
Q

behavioral treatment for cluster A personality disorders

A

teach social skills

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19
Q

medication treatment for cluster A personality disorders

A

generally useless except for schizotypal (antipsychotic drugs)

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20
Q

what type of personality disorders are more commonly diagnosed?

A

Cluster B > Dramatic Personality Disorders

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21
Q

dramatic personality disorders behaviors

A
  • dramatic, emotional, or erratic
  • damages personal relationships
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22
Q

antisocial traits

A
  • disregard/violate others’ rights
  • linked to adult criminal behavior
  • addictions
  • lack empathy
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23
Q

antisocial statistics

A

2-3% people in US
M > W

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24
Q

borderline traits

A
  • instability in mood, self-image, relationships
  • impulsivity
  • suicidal actions + threats
  • fear of abandonment (coping strategy)
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25
Q

borderline statistics

A
  • 1.5% - 2.5% of general population
  • 75% women
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26
Q

histrionic traits

A
  • extreme emotions
  • attention-seeking
  • need for approval + praise
  • self-centered
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27
Q

histrionic statistics

A

W > M (could be gender bias)

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28
Q

narcissistic traits

A
  • need admiration
  • lack empathy
  • exaggerate achievements
  • take advantage of other people
29
Q

narcissistic statistics

A
  • 1% of adults
  • 75% = Men
30
Q

antisocial causes > psychodynamic

A

no parental love

31
Q

antisocial causes > behavioral

A

modeling/reinforcement (rewarded for bad behavior)

32
Q

antisocial causes > cognitive

A

belief that other people’s needs = not important

33
Q

antisocial causes > biological

A
  • lowers serotonin + lowers arousal levels (thrills, risks, excitement)
34
Q

borderline causes > psychodynamic

A

lack of acceptance by parents/(sexual) abuse

35
Q

borderline causes > biological

A
  • reactive amygdala
  • underactive prefrontal cortex
  • lower serotonin levels
36
Q

histrionic causes > psychodynamic

A
  • feeling unloved + fear of abandonment
37
Q

histrionic causes > cognitive

A

believe can’t care for selves ; find caregiver

38
Q

histrionic causes > sociocultural/multicultural

A

society’s norms + expectations

39
Q

narcissistic causes > psychodynamic

A
  • rejecting parents
  • grandiosity = to feel self-sufficient
40
Q

narcissistic causes > cognitive- behavioral

A

overvalue self-worth

41
Q

narcissistic causes > sociocultural

A

linked to “eras of narcissism” in society

42
Q

Antisocial Tx

A
  • no effective tx
  • little motivation to change (forced into therapy)
  • cognitive therapy : moral issues, needs of others
  • meds do not help
43
Q

Borderline Tx

A
  • improvement possible but VERY difficult clients
  • Dialectical Behavioural Therapy
  • meds can help BUT high risk of suicide attempts
44
Q

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

A

relationship disturbance, poor sense of self, needs of others, social skills

45
Q

Histrionic Tx

A
  • more likely to seek tx BUT difficult to work with
  • cognitive> change ‘helplessness’ to better problem-solving
  • meds are not helpful , except to relieve depression in some
46
Q

Narcissistic Tx

A
  • VERY difficult to treat (seek therapy for depression)
  • often manipulate therapist
  • No tx is very successful
47
Q

Cluster C > Anxious Personality Disorders description

A
  • anxious + fearful behavior
  • research = very limited
  • Txs = moderately helpful
48
Q

List the Cluster C personality disorders

A

avoidant, dependent, obsessive compulsive

49
Q

avoidant traits

A
  • discomfort in social situations
  • feelings of inadequacy
  • sensitive to negative evaluation
50
Q

avoidant stats

A
  • 1 - 2 % adults
  • M = W
51
Q
A
52
Q

dependent traits

A
  • excessive need to be taken care of
  • fear of separation
  • suicidal thoughts
53
Q

dependent stats

A
  • 2% of population
  • W = M
54
Q
A
55
Q

Obsessive Compulsive traits

A
  • preoccupation: order, perfection, control
  • unreasonably high standards
  • superficial relationships
56
Q

Obsessive Compulsive stats

A
  • M 2x > W
57
Q

Psychodynamic causes : avoidant

A

shame anal stage fixation

58
Q

Cognitive causes : avoidant

A

assume will get judged

59
Q

Behavioral causes: avoidant

A

lack social skills

60
Q

psychodynamic causes : dependent

A
  • unresolved oral stage conflicts > lifelong need for nurturance (smothering)
61
Q

behavioral causes: dependent

A
  • rewarded for clinginess + ‘punished’ for independence (modelling)
62
Q

cognitive causes: dependent

A

2 beliefs:
- ‘helpless’
- ‘ must find a protector’

63
Q

psychodynamic causes: obsessive compulsive

A

anal regressive

64
Q

cognitive causes: obsessive compulsive

A

cognitive distortions help maintain disorder

65
Q

Avoidant Txs

A
  • learn acceptance + affection in therapy
  • exposure
  • Group Tx
  • practice social interactions
  • antianxiety/antidepressants = sometimes useful
66
Q

Dependent Txs > psychodynamic

A

similar to tx for depression

67
Q

Dependent Txs > cognitive-behavioral

A

target beliefs of helplessness > assertiveness training

68
Q

More tx for dependent

A

-antidepression medication
- group tx

69
Q

Obsessive Compulsive Tx

A
  • unlikely to seek tx
  • may use psychodynamic/cognitive therapy
  • SSRI’s > increases serotonin

Psychology (5 decks)

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