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Psychology > Ch 3 Psychology > Flashcards

Ch 3 Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

clinical assessment

A

evaluation and measurement of social, biological, psychological factors in a person with a possible psychological disorder

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2
Q

Diagnosis

A

determining if one’s problem meets the criteria for a psychological disorder (DSM-5)

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3
Q

DSM-5-TR

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, text revision

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4
Q

Three concepts that determine value of an assessment

A

reliability, validity, standardization

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5
Q

Reliability

A

if one’s behavior is modified because someone is observing them

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6
Q

inter rater reliability

A

psychologists design their assessment devices carefully and then conduct research on them to ensure that more than 2 assessors get the same result

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7
Q

test-retest reliability

A

Psychologists determine if assessment techniques are stable over time

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8
Q

validity

A

the degree to which a techniques measures what it is supposed to measure

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9
Q

concurrent validity

A

comparing the results of an assessment with the results of others that are better established

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10
Q

predictive validity

A

how well your assessment tells you what will happen in the future

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11
Q

Standardization

A

Application of standards to ensure consistency

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12
Q

norms

A

groups of people who are similar to the patient in age, gender, cultural background, etc.

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13
Q

procedures used in a clinical assessment

A

clinical interview, mental status exam, physical examination, psychological test, and behavioral observation

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14
Q

What does a clinical interview do

A

gets information on past and current behavior + history of individual’s life

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15
Q

mental status exam

A

systematic observation of an individual’s behavior

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16
Q

What are the five categories in a mental status exam?

A
  • Appearance + behavior
  • Thought processes
  • Mood + affect
  • Intellectual functioning
  • Sensorium
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17
Q

appearance + behavior

A
  • clear behavior
  • clothing worn
  • appearance, expressions, posture
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18
Q

thought processes

A
  • rate of speech
  • continuity of speech
  • content of speech
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19
Q

mood + affect

A
  • main feeling state of individual
  • how individual feels after saying something
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20
Q

intellectual functioning

A
  • type of vocabulary
  • use of abstractions and metaphors
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21
Q

sensorium

A

awareness of surroundings in terms of person, time, and place

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22
Q

semi structured interviews

A

carefully planned questions to obtain useful information from patient

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23
Q

disadvantage of semi structured interviews

A

stops patient from volunteering information they think might not be useful to answering the question

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24
Q

ADIS-5

A

Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS-5)

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25
Q

What is ADIS-5 used for?

A

diagnosing anxiety disorders

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26
Q

SCID-5

A

structured clinical interview

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27
Q

what is SCID-5 used for

A

assess a variety of disorders

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28
Q

Dr. Swan listened carefully to Joyce’s speech pattern, noting its speed, content, and continuity. She noticed no looseness of association but did hear indications of delusional thoughts and visual hallucinations.

A

thought processes

29
Q

Anwar arrived at the clinic accompanied by police, who had found him dressed only in shorts although the temperature was 5 degrees
. He was reported to the police by someone who saw him walking very slowly down the street making strange faces and talking to himself.

A

appearance and behavior

30
Q

When Lisa was brought to Dr. Miller’s office, he asked if she knew the date and time, her identity, and where she was.

A

sensorium

31
Q

Dr. Jones viewed Tarik’s laughter after discussing his near-fatal incident as inappropriate and noted that Tarik appeared to be elated.

A

mood and affect

32
Q

Mark’s vocabulary and memory seemed adequate, leading Dr. Epstein to estimate that Mark was of average intelligence.

A

intellectual functioning

33
Q

behavioral assessments

A

direct observation to formally asses one’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior in some situations

34
Q

target behaviors

A

determine factors that cause some behaviors

35
Q

what does observational assessment focus on

A

antecedents, behaviors, consequences

36
Q

informal observation

A

relies on observer’s recollection and on their interpretation of events

37
Q

formal observation

A

identifying specific behaviors that are measurable and observable

38
Q

self-monitoring (observation)

A

one evaluating their own behavior to find patterns

39
Q

reactivity

A

observing how people behave, but your mere presence can cause them to modify their behavior

40
Q

Intelligence testing

A

Determine structure and patterns of cognition

41
Q

psychological tests

A

Determine cognitive, behavioral, or emotional responses that might be associated with a specific disorder

42
Q

Neuropsychological testing

A

determine if the patient’s condition is caused by brain damage or dysfunction

43
Q

Neurobiological procedures

A

Use of imaging to assess brain structure and function

44
Q

Projective test

A

Present ambiguous stimuli to clients on the assumption that their answers will reveal their unconscious conflicts

45
Q

Rorschach Inkblot test

A

10 inkblot images presented to patient that has to describe what they see

46
Q

Comprehensive system

A

How the inkblot cards should be presented, what examiner should say, how responses are recorded

47
Q

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A

People will reveal their unconscious mental processes in their stories about the pictures

48
Q

Personality Inventories

A

Self-report questionnaires that assess personal traits by asking participants to identify descriptions that apply to them

49
Q

neuroimaging

A

identify brain structure and function

50
Q

computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan

A

identifies and locates brain abnormalities in the structure or shape of the brain

51
Q

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

A

measures brain activity

52
Q

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI)

A

identifies brain activity and structure

53
Q

psychophysiological assessment

A

assess brain structure and function (specifically) + nervous system activity (generally)

54
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

Measure of electrical activity patterns in the brain taken through electrodes placed on the scalp.

55
Q

event-related potential

A

brief period of EEG patterns recorded in response to specific events

56
Q

What type of EEG waves are typically seen in a healthy, relaxed adult who is awake

A

Alpha waves

57
Q

Delta Waves

A

occur during deep sleep with slower brain waves

58
Q

classical categorization approach

A

assumption of clear differences among disorders, each with a different known cause.

59
Q

dimensional approach

A

categorizing characteristics and quantifying them on a scale

60
Q

prototypical approach

A

focuses on key features that define something but allows for some differences

61
Q

test of frontal lobe function (STROOP)

A

tests mental flexibility and it can be accurate

62
Q

naturalistic observation

A
  • situated in school or at home
  • focus on interactions and behavior
  • participant observers
63
Q

analog observation

A

-situated in a lab, videotape, artificial
- focus on interactions and behavior
- trained observers

64
Q

self-monitoring

A

-situated in natural environments
-focus on one’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior
-client

65
Q

advantage of naturalistic and analog observation

A
  • get a lot of information from witnessing behavior
66
Q

disadvantages of naturalistic and analog observation

A

reliability issue: different behaviors
validity issue: reactivity

67
Q

reactivity

A

modification of one’s behavior because of the knowledge that someone is observing you

68
Q

advantages of self-monitoring

A
  • can determine frequency of behaviors
  • can assess one’s thoughts and perceptions
69
Q

disadvantages of self-monitoring

A

validity issues like accuracy and reactivity

Psychology (5 decks)

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