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Eating disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

anorexia nervosa characteristics

A
  • goal = be thin, so refuse to maintain 85% of normal body weight
  • intense fears of becoming overweight
  • distorted view of body shape + weight
  • preoccupied with food
  • amenorrhea
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2
Q

what is amenorrhea

A

missing 3 consecutive menstrual periods due to not eating enough

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3
Q

2 main types of anorexia nervosa

A
  1. restrictive
  2. binge eating/purging types
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4
Q

restrictive (anorexia nervosa) type characteristics

A
  • decrease intake of bad foods 1st, then nearly all types
  • control food intake
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5
Q

binge-eating/purging types behavior (anorexia nervosa)

A
  • compensatory behaviors
  • MAY binge
  • control + impulsive issues
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6
Q

what is the prevalence of anorexia?

A
  • 0.3 to 1 % of Canadians will develop disorder in lifetime
  • 90-95% cases = W
  • peak age of onset is around the ages of 14-18 yrs old
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7
Q

what is the Minnesota starvation study?

A
  • Keys, 1940
  • 36 young male volunteers
  • control period of 12 weeks , then a calorie restriction for 12 weeks
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8
Q

what were the results/findings of the Minnesota Starvation Study?

A

they developed similar behavior to those with anorexia nervosa:
- preoccupied with food
- urges to overeat
- mood symptoms
- distorted self-image

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9
Q

what are medical problems associated with anorexia nervosa?

A
  • amenorrhea
  • low body temp and blood pressure
  • extreme weight loss
  • lanugo (fine, downy hair)
  • electrolyte + metabolic imbalance
  • body swelling
    etc…
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10
Q

what is the vicious cycle of anorexia (6)

A
  1. starvation
  2. preoccupation with food
  3. increased anxiety + depression
  4. medical problems
  5. feelings of fear + loss of control
  6. harder attempts at thinness
    (the cycle repeats)
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11
Q

anorexia meaning

A

without desire for food

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12
Q

binge meaning

A

bouts of uncontrolled overeating during a limited period of time

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13
Q

compensatory behaviors

A

vomiting, fasting, laxatives, excessive exercise

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14
Q

prevalence of bulimia

A
  • 1 to 3 % of Canadian women
  • 90-95 % of cases are women
  • peak age = 15 to 21 yrs old
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15
Q

characteristics of bulimia

A
  • often maintain a normal weight
  • binging= 10x per week
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16
Q

what are binges preceded by

A

feelings of tension/powerlessness

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17
Q

what are binges followed by

A
  • extreme self-blame
  • guilt + depression
  • fears of gaining weight + being discovered
18
Q

bulimia nervosa medical problems (6)

A
  • no period
  • decay of tooth enamel
  • cavities
  • abdominal pain
  • stress on internal organs
  • dependence on laxatives
19
Q

causes of E.D.’s > psychodynamic

A
  • relationship between mother + child = disturbed > ego deficiencies
  • child becomes unaware of own needs
20
Q

causes of ED > cognitive

A
  • maladaptive attitudes about self/body images
  • black/white thinking patterns
21
Q

causes of ED > behavioral

A
  • rewarded by losing weight
  • relieves anxiety
22
Q

biological factors of ED

A
  • genetic predisposition
    > relatives: 6x more likely to develop ED
    anorexia: (IT = 70%) + (FT= 20%)
    bulimia: ( IT = 23%) + ( FT = 9%)
23
Q

biological factors of ED (pt2)
Role of serotonin

A

serotonin: regulates mood + appetite
- lower levels of serotonin > ppl w/ anorexia
(recover > increase serotonin)
- lower levels > binges
(recover > decrease serotonin)
- antidepressants, which increase serotonin help
- hypothalamus dysfunction

24
Q

causes of ED > societal pressures

A
  • standards of F attractiveness
  • socially-accepted prejudice against being overweight
24
Q

causes of ED > sociocultural pressures

A
  • role of media
  • more M:
    > job-linked
    > reverse anorexia
25
Q

causes of ED > family pressures

A
  • Communication patterns
    > Enmeshment: poor ego boundaries among individuals (no diff between parent and child)
  • values = perfectionism
26
Q

multicultural factors

A

1995 study: body dissatisfaction more common in Caucasian women
BUT: it is increasing in minority groups

27
Q

initial aims for tx anorexia

A
  • restore proper weight + eating
  • may be hospitalized
  • most common technique: supportive nursing and high calorie diets
    > necessary weight gain within 8-12 weeks
28
Q

Anorexia Tx (Behavioral)

A

monitor feelings, hunger, eating behavior

29
Q

Anorexia Tx (Cognitive)

A
  • correct cognitive distortions (b/w thinking)
  • build autonomy + self-awareness
  • recognize need for control (trust internal feelings)
30
Q

Anorexia Tx (family-therapy)

A
  • separation + boundaries
31
Q

what is the best tx for anorexia

A

combination approach
But: 20% cases struggle for years and can recur

32
Q

initial aims for tx bulimia

A
  • eliminate binge-purge patterns
  • eliminate underlying cause
  • education
33
Q

bulimia tx (behavioral)

A

-diaries; exposure + response prevention (erp)

34
Q

bulimia tx (cognitive)

A

change attitudes, challenge thoughts that trigger binges

35
Q

what tx is used if behavioral + cognitive tx = ineffective

A

Interpersonal tx (IPT)

36
Q

who is the founder of the interpersonal theory

A

Harry Stack Sullivan

37
Q

what are the 4 domains of interpersonal therapy

A
  1. Role disputes
  2. Role transitions
  3. Unresolved grief
  4. Interpersonal deficits
38
Q

why are self-help groups effective?

A
  • helps 75% of cases, even better w/ individual therapy
39
Q

what kind of medication is used to treat bulimia

A
  • antidepressant meds like serotonin (SSRI)
  • Prozac (
  • helps 25-40% of patients
  • works best with psychotherapy
40
Q

what does SSRI stand for

A

Selective, Serotonin, Reuptake, Inhibitor

41
Q

what triggers relapse in bulimia

A

stress

Psychology (5 decks)

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