Substance Related Disorders Flashcards
Substance use that has not met criteria for dependence but has
resulted in impairment
Substance Abuse
development of a reversible change with use of a substance
Intoxication
Substance Abuse Diagnosis Criteria
Maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to impairment or
distress, characterized by 1 or more of the following symptoms in a
12 month period:
Recurrent substance use leads to failure of major obligations (home, school, work)
Repeated substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous
Recurrent substance-related legal problems
Continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused by or exacerbated by the effects of the substance
Substance Dependence Diagnosis Criteria
Maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to impairment or distress, characterized by 3 or more of the following symptoms in a 12 month period:
Tolerance (need for more or diminished effect)
Withdrawal (characteristic syndrome or avoidance of symptoms)
Substance taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than intended
Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use
Great deal of time spent obtaining, using, or recovering from effects of the substance
Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of substance use
Substance use continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that was likely caused or exacerbated by the substance
Withdrawal Diagnosis Criteria
Withdrawal, as manifested by either of the following:
2 or more of the following, developing within several hours to a few days of reduction in heavy or prolonged substance use:
Sweating or rapid pulse
Increased hand tremor
Nausea or vomiting
Insomnia
Physical agitation
Anxiety
Transient visual, tactile, or auditory hallucinations or illusions
Grand mal seizures
List some risk factors for prescription drug abuse
Past or present addictions to other substances, including alcohol
Younger age (Specifically the teens or early 20s)
Exposure to peer pressure or a social environment where there’s drug
use
Easy access to prescription drugs (such as working in a healthcare
setting)
Lack of knowledge about prescription drugs, or thinking that taking
someone else’s prescription drug is safe because it was prescribed by
a doctor
What is the most commonly abused substance in the US?
alcohol
What is the most common non-hereditary cause of mental
retardation?
Alcohol use in pregnancy
Guidelines - men and women
Moderate Drinking
No more than 1 drink per day for women
No more than 2 drinks per day for men
Guidelines - men and women
Binge Drinking
≥ 4 drinks for women
≥ 5 drinks for men
What are some differentials to consider for intoxication?
Hypoglycemia
Hypoxia
Drug overdose
Ethylene glycol or methanol poisoning
Hepatic encephalopathy
Psychosis
Psychomotor seizures
Describe the alcohol withdrawal timeline
Onset in 12-24 hours after last drink with peak intensity at 24-48 hours
How long does alcohol withdrawal tend to last?
Typically lasts 4-7 days
When does alcohol withdrawal peak?
Peak in 2nd day of absence,
What is the most severe form of alcohol withdrawal?
Delirium tremens
What is the best predictor for delirium tremens?
a seizure
