Attention and Disruptive Behavioral Disorders

Question 1

High rates of psychiatric comorbidity in ADHD adults - list the four most common comorbidities

Answer 1

mood disorder
anxiety disorder
substance use disorder
impulse-control disorder

Question 2

List risk factors for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Answer 2

Heredity
Gender
Prenatal and early postnatal health
Other behavioral disorders (Conduct disorder, Oppositional defiant)

Question 3

Who is most commonly affected in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?

Answer 3

males, especially firstborn son

Question 4

Name this type of common dysfunctional behavior pattern seen in ADHD:

Magnifying the difficulty of a pending task and doubts about being able to complete it

Defers short-term stress but often creates a self-fulfilling prophecy because the task looms ahead and can seem overwhelming when facing a deadline

Results in rationalizations to justify procrastination

Answer 4

Anticipatory Avoidance

Question 5

Name this type of common dysfunctional behavior pattern seen in ADHD:

Waiting until the last moment to complete a task, often when facing an impending deadline

Deadline-associated stress can be focusing, but this tactic leaves little room for error and can yield a substantial result

Answer 5

Brinkmanship

Question 6

Name this type of common dysfunctional behavior pattern seen in ADHD:

Completing several low-priority, manageable tasks (ex. Checking email) but avoiding high-priority tasks

Creates sense of productivity by reducing items on a to do list but defers a more difficult project

Answer 6

Pseudoefficiency

Question 7

Name this type of common dysfunctional behavior pattern seen in ADHD:

Taking on new, exciting projects and feeling busy without completing projects already started

It is easier to become motivated to start a novel project than to complete an ongoing one

Pattern usually results in several incomplete projects

Answer 7

Juggling

Question 8

Which attention and/or disruptive behavioral disorder is characterized by the following:

Can manifest as hyperactivity and impulsivity, or as inattentiveness

Most children manifest signs and symptoms of both attention deficit and hyperactivity

Between 2-20% of children of school age may be affected

Answer 8

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Question 9

List some secondary symptoms of ADHD

Answer 9

Emotional immaturity
Poor social skills
Sometimes motor incoordination
Disruptive behaviors

Question 10

What are the inclusion criteria of ADD/ADHD for adults?

Answer 10

Meets symptom criteria

Some inattention or hyperactivity-impulse symptoms causing impairment and are present before age 7 years

Some impairment from symptoms present in two or more settings

Clear evidence of clinically significant impairment in social, academic, or
occupation functioning

Question 11

What are the exclusion Criteria of ADD/ADHD for adults (must rule out before diagnosis)?

Answer 11

Symptoms do not occur exclusively during course of a pervasive developmental disorder, schizophrenia, or psychotic disorder

Symptoms are not better accounted for by another mental disorder (i.e. personality disorder, anxiety disorder, etc)

Question 12

What is the first line treatment for ADHD?

Answer 12

stimulants

Question 13

What disorder refers to a group of behavioral and emotional problems in youngsters?

Answer 13

Conduct Disorder

Question 14

A repetitive and persistent pattern of violating basic rights of others and/or age-appropriate societal norms or rules

Answer 14

Conduct Disorder

Question 15

Children with conduct disorder have what percentage of risk of antisocial behavior in adulthood?

Answer 15

40%

Question 16

List factors than may contribute to a child developing a conduct disorder

Answer 16

Brain damage
Child abuse or neglect
Genetic vulnerability
School failure
Traumatic life experiences

Question 17

What are the behavioral characteristics of conduct disorder?

Answer 17

Aggression
Destruction of property
Serious Violations of Rules
Defiance
Deceitfulness or Theft

Question 18

Conduct Disorder - Diagnosis

DSM-IV Criteria: a pattern of behavior that involves violation of the
basic rights of others or of social norms and rules, with at least 3 acts
within the following categories in the past year:

Answer 18

Aggression towards people and animals
Destruction of property
Deceitfulness
Serious violation of others

Question 19

What attention and/or disruptive behavioral disorder is described below?

Disorder that affects 16-22% of children

High co-morbidity with substance abuse, mood disorder, ADD/ADHD

Many children afflicted with this will develop antisocial behaviors as adults

It will remit in 25% and the others will develop conduct disorder

Answer 19

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Question 20

ODD Diagnostic Criteria

DSM-IV criteria: age-inappropriate, stubborn, hostile, and defiant behavior-
at least 4 of the following need to be present for at least 6 months:

Answer 20

Losing temper
Arguing with adults
Active defiance or refusal to comply to rules
Deliberately annoying others
Blaming others for mistakes or misbehavior
Being “touchy” or easily annoyed
Spitefulness or vindictiveness

Note: Diagnosis also includes at least 6 months of negativism, hostility, and defiant behavior

Question 21

What is the most important thing to rule out in children who exhibit behavioral concerns?

Answer 21

child abuse or neglect