Attention and Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Flashcards
High rates of psychiatric comorbidity in ADHD adults - list the four most common comorbidities
mood disorder
anxiety disorder
substance use disorder
impulse-control disorder
List risk factors for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Heredity
Gender
Prenatal and early postnatal health
Other behavioral disorders (Conduct disorder, Oppositional defiant)
Who is most commonly affected in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?
males, especially firstborn son
Name this type of common dysfunctional behavior pattern seen in ADHD:
Magnifying the difficulty of a pending task and doubts about being able to complete it
Defers short-term stress but often creates a self-fulfilling prophecy because the task looms ahead and can seem overwhelming when facing a deadline
Results in rationalizations to justify procrastination
Anticipatory Avoidance
Name this type of common dysfunctional behavior pattern seen in ADHD:
Waiting until the last moment to complete a task, often when facing an impending deadline
Deadline-associated stress can be focusing, but this tactic leaves little room for error and can yield a substantial result
Brinkmanship
Name this type of common dysfunctional behavior pattern seen in ADHD:
Completing several low-priority, manageable tasks (ex. Checking email) but avoiding high-priority tasks
Creates sense of productivity by reducing items on a to do list but defers a more difficult project
Pseudoefficiency
Name this type of common dysfunctional behavior pattern seen in ADHD:
Taking on new, exciting projects and feeling busy without completing projects already started
It is easier to become motivated to start a novel project than to complete an ongoing one
Pattern usually results in several incomplete projects
Juggling
Which attention and/or disruptive behavioral disorder is characterized by the following:
Can manifest as hyperactivity and impulsivity, or as inattentiveness
Most children manifest signs and symptoms of both attention deficit and hyperactivity
Between 2-20% of children of school age may be affected
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
List some secondary symptoms of ADHD
Emotional immaturity
Poor social skills
Sometimes motor incoordination
Disruptive behaviors
What are the inclusion criteria of ADD/ADHD for adults?
Meets symptom criteria
Some inattention or hyperactivity-impulse symptoms causing impairment and are present before age 7 years
Some impairment from symptoms present in two or more settings
Clear evidence of clinically significant impairment in social, academic, or
occupation functioning
What are the exclusion Criteria of ADD/ADHD for adults (must rule out before diagnosis)?
Symptoms do not occur exclusively during course of a pervasive developmental disorder, schizophrenia, or psychotic disorder
Symptoms are not better accounted for by another mental disorder (i.e. personality disorder, anxiety disorder, etc)
What is the first line treatment for ADHD?
stimulants
What disorder refers to a group of behavioral and emotional problems in youngsters?
Conduct Disorder
A repetitive and persistent pattern of violating basic rights of others and/or age-appropriate societal norms or rules
Conduct Disorder
Children with conduct disorder have what percentage of risk of antisocial behavior in adulthood?
40%
List factors than may contribute to a child developing a conduct disorder
Brain damage
Child abuse or neglect
Genetic vulnerability
School failure
Traumatic life experiences
What are the behavioral characteristics of conduct disorder?
Aggression
Destruction of property
Serious Violations of Rules
Defiance
Deceitfulness or Theft
Conduct Disorder - Diagnosis
DSM-IV Criteria: a pattern of behavior that involves violation of the
basic rights of others or of social norms and rules, with at least 3 acts
within the following categories in the past year:
Aggression towards people and animals
Destruction of property
Deceitfulness
Serious violation of others
What attention and/or disruptive behavioral disorder is described below?
Disorder that affects 16-22% of children
High co-morbidity with substance abuse, mood disorder, ADD/ADHD
Many children afflicted with this will develop antisocial behaviors as adults
It will remit in 25% and the others will develop conduct disorder
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
ODD Diagnostic Criteria
DSM-IV criteria: age-inappropriate, stubborn, hostile, and defiant behavior-
at least 4 of the following need to be present for at least 6 months:
Losing temper
Arguing with adults
Active defiance or refusal to comply to rules
Deliberately annoying others
Blaming others for mistakes or misbehavior
Being “touchy” or easily annoyed
Spitefulness or vindictiveness
Note: Diagnosis also includes at least 6 months of negativism, hostility, and defiant behavior
What is the most important thing to rule out in children who exhibit behavioral concerns?
child abuse or neglect
