Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Flashcards
Who do substance-related and addictive disorders impact?
They impact millions of individuals and their families, representing a significant public health concern.
What is essential for understanding substance use disorders?
Understanding their diagnostic criteria, prevalence, underlying mechanisms, and treatment approaches is crucial.
What substances can lead to substance use disorders?
Alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, sedatives/hypnotics/anxiolytics, stimulants, tobacco, and other (or unknown) substances.
What is a co-occurring disorder?
A co-occurring disorder refers to when mental health issues coexist with substance use disorders.
What was the finding of the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)?
Many individuals with mental health disorders also experience substance use issues.
What is intoxication?
Intoxication occurs when a substance affects an individual’s physical and mental state, causing temporary changes in behavior, thoughts, and emotions.
What is withdrawal in substance use?
Withdrawal describes the adverse physical and psychological symptoms when reducing or ceasing substance use after prolonged or heavy use.
What is tolerance?
Tolerance is when the body becomes accustomed to a substance, requiring larger doses to achieve the same effect.
What are some sociocultural factors influencing substance use?
Substance use often stems from a desire to cope with stress or life challenges, and socioeconomic factors play a significant role.
How does religiousness act as a protective factor in substance use?
Studies show that religiousness can lead to lower rates of substance abuse due to moral teachings and community support.
How does the psychodynamic view explain substance use?
It suggests that substance use may be a coping mechanism for emotional voids or unresolved conflicts.
What is the behavioral view of substance use?
The behavioral view suggests substance use is reinforced by pleasurable effects, making it hard to stop.
What is the opponent-process theory in substance use?
It explains how the body adapts to prolonged substance use, leading to stronger cravings and difficulty quitting.
What are the biological factors in substance use disorders?
Substances activate the brain’s reward system, releasing dopamine in areas like the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens, reinforcing the desire for more.
What are the DSM-5-TR criteria for diagnosing Substance Use Disorder?
The DSM-5-TR lists 11 criteria, with severity determined by how many criteria are met: mild (2-3), moderate (4-5), or severe (6+).
What determines the remission status of Substance Use Disorder?
Remission status refers to whether the individual has experienced a significant reduction in symptoms for a specific time period.
What is the role of screening in substance use disorders?
Regular screening helps identify substance use issues early, especially for substances like alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs.
Why is mental health screening crucial for those with substance use disorders?
It is essential because substance use disorders often coexist with mental health issues, such as depression or suicidal ideation.
Why is a comprehensive history important for assessing substance use?
A full history provides insight into drug use patterns, tolerance, withdrawal experiences, and past relapse attempts.
What makes alcohol use disorder (AUD) a particular concern?
Binge drinking and heavy alcohol use are major concerns, and screening tools like AUDIT help assess drinking patterns.
What is the CRAFFT tool used for?
The CRAFFT tool is used to screen adolescents for alcohol and drug-related behaviors.
What is a significant risk during sedative/hypnotic withdrawal?
Withdrawal from sedatives like benzodiazepines can be dangerous, leading to symptoms such as seizures and suicidal thoughts.
What substances are included under opioids?
Opioids include opium, morphine, heroin, methadone, and prescription opioids.
Why is fentanyl considered particularly dangerous?
Fentanyl is highly potent, making it more likely to cause overdose and death.
What is the effect of stimulants on the brain?
Stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines increase energy, alertness, and focus by boosting neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine.
What are hallucinogens, and what are their effects?
Hallucinogens like LSD and MDMA alter perception and can lead to flashbacks even after the substance has left the system.
What are the effects of cannabis on the body?
Cannabis can act as a depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogen, with increasing THC potency raising concerns over dependence and withdrawal.
What is the most effective approach to treating substance use disorders?
A combination approach, including 12-step programs, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and contingency management, works best.
What are 12-step programs, and how do they help?
12-step programs like Alcoholics Anonymous provide peer support and a structured recovery process for individuals with substance use disorders.
How does cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) help in treating substance use?
CBT helps individuals recognize and change destructive thought patterns that contribute to their substance use.
What is contingency management in substance use treatment?
Contingency management involves offering incentives for achieving and maintaining abstinence from substances.
What are the key categories of substances that can lead to substance use disorders in the DSM-5-TR?
Alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, sedatives/hypnotics/anxiolytics, stimulants, tobacco, and other (or unknown) substances.
What is a non-substance-related disorder included in the category of substance use disorders?
Gambling disorder is a non-substance-related disorder that is also included in the substance use disorder category.
How do sociocultural factors influence substance use?
Sociocultural factors, such as stress, socioeconomic status, and the availability of substances, influence an individual’s likelihood of substance use.
What protective role does religiousness play in substance use?
Religious beliefs and community involvement can act as a protective factor, leading to lower rates of substance abuse among religious individuals.
How does the psychodynamic view explain substance use?
It suggests substance use may be a coping mechanism for emotional voids, past trauma, or unresolved conflicts that are not adequately addressed.
What is the role of reinforcement in substance use from a behavioral perspective?
Substance use is reinforced by the pleasurable effects, and over time, the behavior becomes habitual due to the rewarding feelings it generates.
What is the role of the brain’s reward system in substance use disorders?
The brain’s reward system, particularly areas like the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens, releases dopamine, reinforcing the desire to continue using the substance.
What is the DSM-5-TR criteria for diagnosing mild, moderate, and severe substance use disorders?
Mild: 2-3 symptoms, Moderate: 4-5 symptoms, Severe: 6+ symptoms, with severity impacting the diagnosis.
How does remission status relate to substance use disorder diagnosis?
Remission status is determined based on the duration of symptoms and the degree to which an individual’s symptoms have been reduced.
What are the major components of a substance use screening?
Screening includes assessing for substance use patterns, mental health conditions, past treatment history, and relapse attempts.
Why is mental health screening important in substance use assessment?
Since many individuals with substance use disorders also suffer from mental health issues (like depression), screening for these conditions is crucial for comprehensive care.
What role does a full history play in substance use assessment?
A comprehensive history helps assess the severity of substance use, tolerance levels, withdrawal symptoms, and prior attempts at recovery or relapse.
What are the key tools used to assess alcohol use disorder (AUD)?
The AUDIT and AUDIT-C are screening tools designed to assess alcohol consumption patterns and detect potential alcohol use disorder.
What is the CRAFFT tool used for?
The CRAFFT tool is specifically used to screen adolescents for risky alcohol and drug-related behaviors.
What are the dangers of withdrawal from sedatives/hypnotics like benzodiazepines?
Withdrawal can lead to severe symptoms such as seizures, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts, making medical supervision critical.
How do opioids produce euphoria and pain relief?
Opioids bind to endorphin receptors in the brain, triggering the release of dopamine, which results in both euphoria and pain relief.
What makes fentanyl particularly dangerous?
Fentanyl is a highly potent opioid, and even small amounts can cause overdose and death, making it a major risk in opioid abuse.
What are stimulants, and how do they affect neurotransmitters?
Stimulants such as cocaine, amphetamines, and caffeine increase neurotransmitter activity, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine, leading to enhanced energy and alertness.
What is the psychological effect of hallucinogens?
Hallucinogens like LSD and MDMA alter an individual’s perception of reality, and psychological withdrawal effects can include persistent flashbacks.
How does cannabis affect the body, and what concerns have been raised?
Cannabis acts as a depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogen. Concerns have been raised about its potential for dependence and the increased potency of THC.
What are 12-Step Programs, and how do they aid recovery?
12-Step Programs, such as Alcoholics Anonymous, provide structured recovery and peer support, helping individuals maintain sobriety through shared experiences.
How does Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) work in treating substance use?
CBT targets and alters the negative thought patterns and behaviors that perpetuate substance use, helping individuals manage triggers and cravings.
What is contingency management in substance use treatment?
Contingency management provides tangible rewards for individuals who meet treatment goals, such as abstinence, reinforcing positive behaviors.
What are the key challenges in diagnosing substance use disorders?
Challenges include distinguishing between physical symptoms of substance use and underlying mental health conditions, and the complexity of co-occurring disorders.
What is the role of peer support in treating substance use disorders?
Peer support, such as that found in 12-Step programs, helps create a sense of community, shared accountability, and motivation to maintain sobriety.
How does the DSM-5-TR categorize withdrawal symptoms in substance use?
Withdrawal symptoms are specific to each substance and may include symptoms like anxiety, sweating, shaking, seizures, or hallucinations depending on the drug.
What is the role of family therapy in treating substance use disorders?
Family therapy helps address dysfunctional family dynamics, improve communication, and support recovery by involving family members in the treatment process.
