Anxiety Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
What percentage of adults in the US are affected by anxiety disorders?
A
Approximately 34% of adults in the US are affected by anxiety disorders.
2
Q
What percentage of people with anxiety disorders seek treatment?
A
Only about 20% seek treatment.
3
Q
Which anxiety disorder involves a fear of being away from attachment figures?
A
Separation Anxiety Disorder.
4
Q
What is selective mutism?
A
A disorder where a person is unable to speak in certain social settings despite being able to speak in other situations.
5
Q
What is a specific phobia?
A
An intense fear of a specific object or situation.
6
Q
What is social anxiety disorder?
A
An intense fear of being judged or embarrassed in social situations.
7
Q
What is the main characteristic of panic disorder?
A
Recurrent and unexpected panic attacks that cause intense physical symptoms like palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness.
8
Q
What is agoraphobia?
A
A fear of being in situations where escape may be difficult or help unavailable if needed.
9
Q
What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
A
A chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry about various aspects of life.
10
Q
What is substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder?
A
Anxiety caused by the use of substances or medications that affects the nervous system.
11
Q
What is the main symptom of anxiety disorders?
A
Physical symptoms like palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness, along with psychological symptoms such as nervousness, fear, and worry.
12
Q
What medical condition can mimic anxiety by causing palpitations?
A
Hyperthyroidism.
13
Q
What is the role of medical assessments in diagnosing anxiety disorders?
A
To rule out medical conditions such as hyperthyroidism or hypoglycemia that could mimic anxiety symptoms.
14
Q
What is the sociocultural model of anxiety?
A
It explains anxiety as influenced by social and economic stressors.
15
Q
What is the psychodynamic model of anxiety?
A
It views anxiety as stemming from unresolved emotional conflict and defense mechanisms.
16
Q
What is the cognitive model of anxiety?
A
It explains anxiety as caused by maladaptive assumptions and distorted thinking patterns.
17
Q
What is the biological model of anxiety?
A
It focuses on neurotransmitter imbalances, such as low GABA levels, contributing to anxiety.
18
Q
What is the gold standard treatment for anxiety disorders?
A
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
19
Q
What type of medications are used to treat anxiety?
A
SSRIs, SNRIs, and sometimes benzodiazepines for short-term relief.
20
Q
What is a major risk of using benzodiazepines?
A
Dependence, cognitive impairment, and anterograde amnesia.
21
Q
What is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)?
A
A therapeutic approach that combines mindfulness practices with cognitive therapy to reduce anxiety and depression.
22
Q
What is the prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
A
4% annually, with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 6%.
23
Q
What is the typical age of onset for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
A
Childhood or adolescence.
24
Q
What is the typical treatment for GAD?
A
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and medications such as SSRIs or SNRIs.
25
What is the treatment for panic disorder?
SSRIs, antidepressants, and in some cases, benzodiazepines for immediate relief.
26
What is a key symptom of a panic attack?
Physical symptoms like palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, and dizziness, along with emotional fear of doom or losing control.
27
What is the prevalence of panic disorder?
Approximately 2-3% of the population.
28
How is agoraphobia treated?
Through behavior therapy, particularly In Vivo Exposure, to gradually confront feared situations.
29
What is a key symptom of agoraphobia?
A fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable if needed.
30
What is the typical treatment for social anxiety disorder?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and sometimes medications like SSRIs.
31
What is the prevalence of social anxiety disorder?
Around 7% of the population.
32
What is the difference between agoraphobia and specific phobia?
Agoraphobia involves fear of escape being difficult; specific phobia involves fear of specific objects or situations.
33
What is the treatment for selective mutism?
Behavioral therapy, often with family involvement, to encourage speaking in social situations.
34
How does exposure therapy work for anxiety disorders?
It helps individuals gradually confront and desensitize themselves to feared situations or objects.
35
What is a common physical symptom of panic disorder?
Palpitations, dizziness, and shortness of breath.
36
What is the role of social support in treating anxiety?
To provide emotional support, encouragement, and reinforcement of coping strategies.
37
What is the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in the population?
Around 1-2% of the population.
38
What is the main symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Recurrent, persistent obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (ritualistic behaviors).
39
What are SSRIs used for in anxiety treatment?
To treat Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), panic disorder, and other anxiety disorders by balancing neurotransmitter levels.
40
How does the biological model explain panic disorder?
It attributes panic disorder to neurotransmitter imbalances, especially serotonin and norepinephrine.
41
What is one benefit of mindfulness techniques in anxiety treatment?
They help individuals detach from negative, anxiety-provoking thoughts and reduce emotional reactivity.
42
What is the primary aim of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for anxiety?
To help individuals identify and change irrational thought patterns that contribute to anxiety.
43
What is the typical onset age for panic disorder?
Usually between 18 and 35 years of age.
44
What are common comorbidities with anxiety disorders?
Mood disorders, depression, substance use disorders, and eating disorders.
45
What is one side effect of SSRIs?
Sexual dysfunction, weight gain, and nausea.
46
What is the role of family therapy in anxiety treatment?
It can support the individual’s coping strategies, provide encouragement, and help manage family dynamics that may contribute to anxiety.
47
What is the primary characteristic of selective mutism?
Inability to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in other settings.
48
What is the main characteristic of panic disorder?
The presence of recurrent, unexpected panic attacks that cause intense physical and emotional distress.
49
What are the treatments for social anxiety disorder?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), medications like SSRIs, and social skills training.
50
What is the role of mindfulness in treating anxiety?
It helps individuals focus on the present moment and reduce the impact of anxious thoughts about the future.
51
What medical conditions should be ruled out when diagnosing anxiety?
Hyperthyroidism, hypoglycemia, and Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP).
52
What is the role of medication in treating anxiety disorders?
Medications like SSRIs or SNRIs can help balance neurotransmitters and reduce symptoms of anxiety.
53
How is anxiety typically treated in children?
Through a combination of behavioral therapy, family involvement, and sometimes medication.
54
How does the biological model of anxiety suggest it can be treated?
By correcting neurotransmitter imbalances, typically through medication.
55
What is the importance of early intervention in anxiety disorders?
It helps prevent the symptoms from worsening and interfering with daily functioning.
56
What is a potential risk of long-term benzodiazepine use?
Dependence and cognitive impairment.
57
What is an example of a physical symptom of generalized anxiety disorder?
Muscle tension and restlessness.
58
What is the role of education in treating anxiety disorders?
To inform individuals about their condition and help them understand and manage their symptoms effectively.
59
What is the typical course of treatment for GAD?
A combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and medications like SSRIs or SNRIs.
60
What is one long-term benefit of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?
It helps individuals develop skills to manage anxiety and prevent relapse.
61
How can mindfulness-based therapies help with anxiety?
By teaching individuals to observe their thoughts and feelings without judgment or overreaction.
62
How long does it take for Buspirone to start working for anxiety?
About 4 weeks.
63
What is the impact of untreated anxiety disorders?
It can lead to a reduced quality of life, relationship difficulties, and comorbid mental health conditions.
64
What is the main goal of therapy for anxiety disorders?
To help individuals manage anxiety, reduce symptoms, and improve their coping strategies.
65
What is a key component of effective treatment for panic disorder?
Education about the disorder and reducing the fear of panic attacks through cognitive and behavioral techniques.
66
What is the difference between generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder?
GAD is characterized by chronic, excessive worry, while panic disorder involves sudden, intense episodes of
67
What is the difference between generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder?
GAD is characterized by chronic, excessive worry, while panic disorder involves sudden, intense episodes of fear.
68
How do SSRIs work in treating anxiety?
SSRIs increase serotonin levels in the brain, helping to regulate mood and reduce anxiety.
69
What is the prevalence of agoraphobia?
Approximately 1.7% of the population.
70
What are common triggers for panic attacks?
Stress, trauma, or certain physical conditions can trigger panic attacks.
71
What is one major side effect of SNRIs?
Nausea, dizziness, or insomnia can occur when taking SNRIs.
72
What treatment is often used for specific phobias?
Exposure therapy to gradually desensitize the individual to the feared object or situation.
73
What is the first-line treatment for social anxiety disorder?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the most effective first-line treatment.
74
What is the difference between selective mutism and social anxiety disorder?
Selective mutism involves the inability to speak in certain social situations, while social anxiety is a fear of being judged in those situations.
75
What is one long-term strategy to manage panic disorder?
Learning to challenge distorted thinking and using relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety.
76
What is an example of a specific phobia?
A fear of flying or a fear of heights.
77
How does family therapy help with childhood anxiety disorders?
It helps to reduce family stress, improve communication, and teach coping skills to both the child and the family.
78
What is the role of the amygdala in anxiety disorders?
The amygdala is involved in the processing of fear and stress responses and is often overactive in anxiety disorders.
79
What is a key factor in reducing the impact of panic disorder?
Learning to regulate breathing and understanding that panic attacks are not life-threatening.
80
What is the relationship between trauma and anxiety disorders?
Trauma can be a significant trigger for developing anxiety disorders such as PTSD and panic disorder.
81
How can relaxation techniques help manage anxiety?
They reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety, such as muscle tension and heart rate, helping to calm the body and mind.
82
What role does dopamine play in anxiety?
Dopamine, along with serotonin and norepinephrine, plays a role in mood regulation, and imbalances can contribute to anxiety.
83
How does exposure therapy work for treating phobias?
It involves gradual, controlled exposure to the feared object or situation until the anxiety decreases.
84
What is the primary focus of mindfulness-based therapies?
To help individuals develop awareness of their thoughts, feelings, and physical sensations without judgment.
85
What is the role of the hippocampus in anxiety disorders?
The hippocampus helps to process and store memories, and dysfunction in this area may contribute to heightened anxiety.
86
What is the first-line pharmacological treatment for panic disorder?
SSRIs or SNRIs are often prescribed as the first-line treatment for panic disorder.
87
What is the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
It affects about 1-2% of the population.
88
How does a panic attack differ from generalized anxiety?
Panic attacks are sudden and intense, while generalized anxiety involves chronic worry about various life aspects.
89
What are beta-blockers used for in anxiety treatment?
Beta-blockers can help control physical symptoms of anxiety, such as a racing heart.
90
What is one sign of social anxiety in children?
Avoiding eye contact, avoiding speaking in front of others, or refusing to participate in group activities.
91
How do cognitive distortions contribute to anxiety?
Cognitive distortions like catastrophizing can amplify feelings of fear and worry.
92
What is the prevalence of panic disorder among women compared to men?
Panic disorder is more common in women than men, with a ratio of about 2:1.
93
What is an important consideration when prescribing benzodiazepines?
The risk of dependence and the potential for withdrawal symptoms.
94
How do anxiety disorders affect sleep?
Anxiety can lead to difficulties falling asleep or staying asleep due to constant worry and hyperarousal.
95
How do behavioral therapies address avoidance in anxiety?
Behavioral therapies encourage facing feared situations to reduce avoidance behaviors and diminish anxiety.
96
What is the role of the vagus nerve in anxiety regulation?
The vagus nerve helps regulate the parasympathetic nervous system, and dysfunction can contribute to heightened anxiety.
97
What is the connection between anxiety and physical health?
Anxiety can increase the risk of conditions like heart disease, digestive issues, and chronic pain.
98
What is an example of a mindfulness technique for anxiety?
Deep breathing or guided meditation can help individuals manage anxious thoughts and physical symptoms.
99
How does avoidance behavior contribute to the persistence of anxiety?
Avoiding feared situations can reinforce the anxiety, making it more difficult to overcome over time.
100
What is the primary goal of treating anxiety disorders?
To reduce symptoms, improve quality of life, and enhance coping strategies for managing anxiety.
101
What is a common physical symptom of social anxiety?
Blushing, sweating, or trembling in social situations due to fear of judgment.
102
How can childhood anxiety affect academic performance?
It can lead to difficulties with concentration, test anxiety, and avoidance of school activities.
103
What are the benefits of long-term therapy for anxiety disorders?
It can provide ongoing support, help reinforce coping skills, and reduce the likelihood of relapse.
104
How can the family environment affect childhood anxiety?
A high-stress family environment or overprotective parenting can contribute to the development of anxiety in children.
105
What role do serotonin and norepinephrine play in anxiety?
Both neurotransmitters are involved in mood regulation, and imbalances are thought to contribute to anxiety disorders.
106
What is a common treatment combination for panic disorder?
A combination of medication (SSRIs) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
107
How can mindfulness improve self-regulation in anxiety sufferers?
Mindfulness helps individuals become aware of their emotional responses and develop healthier reactions to anxiety.
108
What is a common comorbid condition with generalized anxiety disorder?
Depression is often comorbid with GAD.
109
What is the purpose of relaxation techniques in treating anxiety?
They help reduce the body's stress response, providing temporary relief from anxiety symptoms.
110
How does a panic attack affect the body physiologically?
It causes a rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, dizziness, and increased muscle tension.
111
What is a common misconception about panic attacks?
That the individual is in physical danger, which is not true—panic attacks are not life-threatening.
112
What are some common triggers for social anxiety?
Public speaking, meeting new people, or situations where the person feels scrutinized.
113
How does avoidance of anxiety-provoking situations affect the disorder?
It reinforces the anxiety, leading to increased fear and further avoidance behaviors.
114
What is a possible long-term consequence of untreated anxiety disorders?
Chronic anxiety can lead to depression, substance abuse, or other mental health conditions.
115
How can medication help in the treatment of anxiety disorders?
Medication can help regulate neurotransmitter levels, providing relief from symptoms of anxiety.
116
How does CBT help challenge anxious thoughts?
CBT helps individuals recognize and change distorted, irrational thoughts that contribute to anxiety.
117
What is a common side effect of SSRIs in anxiety treatment?
Nausea, headaches, and changes in appetite or sleep patterns.
118
How can anxiety be managed in the workplace?
Through relaxation techniques, time management, and seeking support from supervisors or coworkers.
119
What role do support groups play in managing anxiety?
They provide a safe space to share experiences, learn coping strategies, and receive emotional support.
120
What is a common symptom of selective mutism in children?
A child may refuse to speak in social settings, despite being able to speak in familiar or safe environments.
121
What are the long-term effects of untreated generalized anxiety disorder?
It can lead to chronic worry, poor physical health, and impaired social and occupational functioning.
122
How do environmental factors contribute to anxiety?
Stressful life events, trauma, or social pressures can increase the risk of developing anxiety disorders.
