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Psychopathology > Sexual Dysfunction & Disorders > Flashcards

Sexual Dysfunction & Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

How does human sexuality evolve throughout life?

A

Human sexuality is complex and develops from conception, evolving through the lifespan, influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors.

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2
Q

What is the role of the sexual response system in human sexuality?

A

The sexual response system is an involuntary nervous system process active from birth, shaping innate sexual feelings and behaviors.

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3
Q

How do conditioning and social/cultural norms influence sexual feelings?

A

Sexual feelings can be shaped by conditioning, as well as by social and cultural norms that dictate what is considered acceptable behavior.

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4
Q

What is the natural human tendency related to sexuality?

A

Sexual curiosity is natural, and humans are designed for intimacy and connection.

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5
Q

What does Jack & Judy Balswick’s Interactive Developmental Model emphasize?

A

Sexual development is influenced by biological factors (e.g., genetics, temperament), psychosocial factors (e.g., family dynamics, cultural context), and decision-making.

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6
Q

How do cultural and social factors impact sexual development?

A

Culture affects sexual values, partner selection, age of consent, and social factors like media portrayal, economic status, and racial injustice.

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7
Q

What are the three levels in the Multi-Dimensional Model of Sexual Development?

A

The three levels are societal/cultural, relational, and individual.

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8
Q

What factors are considered at the societal/cultural level of sexual development?

A

Factors include systems (e.g., religious, political), norms (e.g., gender roles), and media depictions of sexuality.

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9
Q

How does the relational level of sexual development impact individuals?

A

The relational level includes family dynamics, attachment styles, communication, and boundaries within relationships.

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10
Q

What are the biological and identity-related factors at the individual level?

A

Biological factors include hormones and the nervous system, while identity involves embodiment, experiences, and self-agency.

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11
Q

What are the stages of the Masters & Johnson Sexual Response Cycle?

A

The stages are: desire, arousal, orgasm, and resolution.

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12
Q

What systems are involved in the Masters & Johnson Sexual Response Cycle?

A

The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) facilitates arousal, while the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) manages orgasmic response.

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13
Q

What is Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder?

A

It refers to low interest or arousal in sexual activity in females.

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14
Q

What is Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder?

A

It is characterized by a persistent deficiency in sexual desire in males.

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15
Q

What is Erectile Dysfunction?

A

Erectile dysfunction is the inability to maintain an erection during sexual activity.

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16
Q

What is Female Orgasmic Disorder?

A

It involves difficulty or inability to achieve orgasm in females.

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17
Q

What is Premature Ejaculation?

A

It is the condition where ejaculation occurs sooner than desired, often before or shortly after penetration.

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18
Q

What is Delayed Ejaculation?

A

Delayed ejaculation refers to a delay or absence of ejaculation despite sufficient sexual stimulation.

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19
Q

What is Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder?

A

This disorder involves pain, fear, or tension during intercourse, often leading to avoidance of sexual activity.

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20
Q

What are the key characteristics of Paraphilic Disorders?

A

These include atypical sexual interests such as pedophilia, exhibitionism, voyeurism, frotteurism, and fetishism.

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21
Q

What is Pedophilic Disorder?

A

It involves sexual attraction to prepubescent children.

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22
Q

What is Exhibitionistic Disorder?

A

It involves arousal from exposing one’s genitals to unsuspecting individuals.

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23
Q

What is Voyeuristic Disorder?

A

It involves arousal from watching unsuspecting individuals engage in sexual activities or undress.

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24
Q

What is Frotteuristic Disorder?

A

It involves touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person for sexual arousal.

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25
Q

What is Fetishistic Disorder?

A

It involves sexual arousal from specific objects or body parts.

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26
Q

What is Sexual Masochism Disorder?

A

It involves deriving sexual pleasure from being hurt, humiliated, or made to suffer.

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27
Q

What is Sexual Sadism Disorder?

A

It involves deriving sexual pleasure from inflicting pain or humiliation on others.

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28
Q

What is Transvestic Disorder?

A

It involves sexual arousal from cross-dressing.

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29
Q

What is Sexual Addiction or Problematic Sexual Behavior (PSB)?

A

While not included in the DSM, it refers to sexual behavior driven by anxiety or used as a coping mechanism, leading to distress or impairment.

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30
Q

What is the Experiential-Relational Process of Sexual Response?

A

This model includes stages: Desire/Initiation, Pleasuring/Arousal, Entry by Invitation, Letting Go, and Affirmation.

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31
Q

What is the role of “Desire/Initiation” in the sexual response process?

A

This phase involves expressing sexual interest and initiating intimate activity.

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32
Q

What is the “Pleasuring/Arousal” phase in sexual response?

A

This phase focuses on mutual pleasure and arousal, leading to physical and emotional engagement.

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33
Q

What happens during “Entry by Invitation” in sexual response?

A

It refers to consensual penetration, where both partners agree to proceed with intimacy.

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34
Q

What does “Letting Go” mean in the sexual response cycle?

A

It refers to relaxing and allowing oneself to fully experience the sexual encounter, often culminating in orgasm.

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35
Q

What is the “Affirmation” stage of sexual response?

A

This phase involves post-interaction closeness and affirmation between partners.

36
Q

What are common sexual dysfunction challenges faced by individuals?

A

Common issues include desire discrepancies, approach-avoidance conflicts, erectile/lubrication problems, pain during intercourse, and emotional tension.

37
Q

What is “spectatoring” during sex?

A

Spectatoring refers to being overly focused on performance or self-monitoring during sex, which can hinder relaxation and intimacy.

38
Q

What are some common emotional challenges during or after sex?

A

Challenges include post-coital crying, emotional tension, and feelings of guilt or shame.

39
Q

What are common treatment approaches for sexual dysfunction?

A

Treatment options include sex therapy (education, CBT, sensate focus exercises), relationship counseling, and medical treatments for underlying physical conditions.

40
Q

How does Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) help in treating sexual dysfunction?

A

CBT helps individuals recognize and address negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to sexual dysfunction.

41
Q

What is Sensate Focus in sex therapy?

A

Sensate Focus is a therapeutic technique where partners engage in non-sexual touching to build comfort and intimacy, reducing performance anxiety.

42
Q

What is the role of communication training in sex therapy?

A

Communication training helps couples express their desires, boundaries, and emotional needs, fostering a healthy sexual relationship.

43
Q

What medical treatments may be used for sexual dysfunction?

A

Medical treatments may include medications (e.g., for erectile dysfunction), hormonal therapy, or treatment for underlying physical conditions affecting sexual health.

44
Q

What is the definition of sexual desire?

A

Sexual desire refers to the psychological and physiological interest or craving for sexual activity.

45
Q

What factors contribute to a person’s sexual desire?

A

Biological factors (e.g., hormones), psychological factors (e.g., emotional intimacy), and relational factors (e.g., partner dynamics).

46
Q

What does “sexual arousal” involve?

A

Sexual arousal involves physiological changes, such as increased heart rate and blood pressure, in response to sexual stimuli.

47
Q

What are the physiological changes that occur during sexual arousal?

A

Increased blood flow, higher heart rate, and the activation of sexual organs like the genitals are physiological markers of arousal.

48
Q

What is orgasm?

A

Orgasm is the peak of sexual excitement, characterized by muscle contractions and the release of sexual tension.

49
Q

How does the body return to the pre-arousal state after orgasm?

A

Resolution is the phase where the body gradually returns to its normal, relaxed state following orgasm.

50
Q

What role do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems play in sexual response?

A

The parasympathetic nervous system facilitates sexual arousal, while the sympathetic nervous system is responsible for orgasmic response.

51
Q

How do psychological and emotional factors influence sexual dysfunction?

A

Psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, depression, or trauma, can contribute to sexual dysfunction by disrupting arousal or desire.

52
Q

What is erectile dysfunction (ED)?

A

ED is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse.

53
Q

What are common physical causes of erectile dysfunction?

A

Physical causes include cardiovascular issues, hormonal imbalances, neurological conditions, and diabetes.

54
Q

What are psychological causes of erectile dysfunction?

A

Psychological causes include anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and past trauma.

55
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Erectile Dysfunction?

A

ED is diagnosed when an individual experiences persistent difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection for at least 6 months.

56
Q

How is premature ejaculation defined?

A

Premature ejaculation is the condition where ejaculation occurs too quickly, typically within one minute of penetration.

57
Q

What factors contribute to premature ejaculation?

A

Factors include anxiety, lack of sexual experience, and hypersensitivity of the penis.

58
Q

What is delayed ejaculation?

A

Delayed ejaculation refers to a condition where ejaculation is delayed or absent despite adequate sexual stimulation.

59
Q

What are common causes of delayed ejaculation?

A

Causes include anxiety, relationship issues, medication side effects, and neurological disorders.

60
Q

What is the definition of female orgasmic disorder?

A

Female orgasmic disorder is the persistent inability to achieve orgasm despite adequate sexual stimulation.

61
Q

What are common causes of female orgasmic disorder?

A

Causes include hormonal imbalances, psychological issues, stress, and lack of sexual experience or intimacy.

62
Q

What is genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder?

A

This disorder involves pain, fear, or tension during intercourse, causing distress and avoidance of sexual activity.

63
Q

What are common causes of genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder?

A

Causes include physical injury, infections, psychological factors, and insufficient lubrication.

64
Q

What is the relationship between paraphilic disorders and sexual dysfunction?

A

Paraphilic disorders involve atypical sexual interests that may cause distress or harm to oneself or others and can coexist with sexual dysfunction.

65
Q

What is the primary characteristic of pedophilic disorder?

A

The primary characteristic is sexual attraction to prepubescent children, which causes distress or harm.

66
Q

What is the key feature of exhibitionistic disorder?

A

The key feature is sexual arousal from exposing one’s genitals to an unsuspecting person, often causing distress or harm.

67
Q

What is voyeuristic disorder?

A

Voyeuristic disorder involves sexual arousal from watching unsuspecting individuals engage in sexual activities or undress.

68
Q

What are the criteria for diagnosing voyeuristic disorder?

A

Criteria include recurrent sexual urges or behaviors involving watching others without consent, leading to distress.

69
Q

What is frotteuristic disorder?

A

Frotteuristic disorder involves sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person.

70
Q

What are the diagnostic features of fetishistic disorder?

A

Arousal from specific objects or body parts is the primary feature, with significant distress or impairment.

71
Q

What are the characteristics of sexual masochism disorder?

A

The disorder involves sexual arousal from experiencing pain, humiliation, or suffering, often in a sexual context.

72
Q

What is sexual sadism disorder?

A

Sexual sadism disorder involves arousal from inflicting pain, humiliation, or suffering on others.

73
Q

How is transvestic disorder defined?

A

Transvestic disorder involves sexual arousal from cross-dressing, causing distress or impairment.

74
Q

What is sexual addiction or problematic sexual behavior (PSB)?

A

PSB refers to sexual behavior driven by anxiety, compulsive urges, or as a coping mechanism, leading to negative consequences.

75
Q

How can PSB impact relationships?

A

PSB can create emotional strain, relationship difficulties, and impair intimacy due to compulsive sexual behaviors.

76
Q

What is the role of sexual desire in initiating sexual activity?

A

Sexual desire is the initial psychological and physiological drive that motivates an individual to seek sexual activity.

77
Q

How does the “Entry by Invitation” phase differ from the other stages?

A

It involves consensual penetration and is distinct from earlier phases of arousal or initiation, emphasizing mutual agreement.

78
Q

What are common emotional challenges during sex?

A

Emotional tension, guilt, anxiety, and unresolved relationship conflicts may arise, complicating sexual experiences.

79
Q

What is the importance of communication during sexual encounters?

A

Open communication fosters understanding, reduces anxiety, and strengthens intimacy between partners.

80
Q

What is the role of sensate focus exercises in sex therapy?

A

Sensate focus exercises involve gradual, non-sexual touch to build comfort and reduce performance anxiety.

81
Q

What is the purpose of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating sexual dysfunction?

A

CBT aims to address maladaptive thought patterns, increase sexual self-esteem, and improve communication between partners.

82
Q

How does relationship counseling help with sexual dysfunction?

A

Relationship counseling addresses communication issues, emotional intimacy, and relationship dynamics that may affect sexual health.

83
Q

What role do medical treatments play in sexual dysfunction?

A

Medical treatments address underlying physical conditions such as hormonal imbalances, erectile dysfunction, or pain during intercourse.

84
Q

What are the most common treatments for erectile dysfunction?

A

Treatments include medications like Viagra, hormone therapy, or lifestyle changes to address underlying causes.

85
Q

How does hormone therapy address sexual dysfunction?

A

Hormone therapy can balance testosterone or estrogen levels, potentially improving libido and sexual function.

86
Q

What are the risks of untreated sexual dysfunction?

A

Untreated dysfunction can lead to emotional distress, relationship problems, reduced self-esteem, and diminished quality of life.

Psychopathology (6 decks)

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