Feeding and Eating Disorders Flashcards
What percentage of eating disorder cases occur in adolescents and young adults?
Over 90% of eating disorder cases occur in adolescents and young adults.
Is there a rising concern in younger populations regarding eating disorders?
Yes, there is an increasing concern in younger populations, especially in children.
How much has the number of eating disorder cases increased in the last decade?
There has been a 50% increase in eating disorder cases in the U.S. in the last decade.
What are common comorbidities with eating disorders?
Eating disorders are commonly comorbid with affective disorders, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, personality disorders, and a history of sexual abuse.
What socio-cultural pressures contribute to eating disorders?
Dieting and weight stigma, along with cultural focus on appearance, contribute to eating disorders.
How does objectification relate to eating disorders?
Objectification and linking self-worth to appearance can contribute to eating disorders.
What are FDA-approved diabetes medications that also aid in weight loss?
Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy), Liraglutide, and Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) are FDA-approved for weight loss.
What is the obesity rate for adults in the U.S. (2017-2018)?
42.4% of adults in the U.S. are obese, and 9.2% are severely obese.
What is the obesity rate for youth (12-19 years old) in the U.S.?
20.6% of youth aged 12-19 are obese in the U.S.
What is the role of family systems in anorexia nervosa?
Family systems may involve enmeshment, lack of boundaries, and a focus on autonomy through food control.
How do cognitive factors contribute to anorexia nervosa?
Cognitive distortions and low self-efficacy perceptions, often exacerbated by parents’ responses to hunger cues, contribute to anorexia nervosa.
How does serotonin influence eating disorders?
Low serotonin levels are linked to bulimia, influencing emotional regulation and food intake.
What is insula dysregulation, and how does it relate to eating disorders?
Insula dysregulation affects emotion and body awareness, contributing to eating disorders.
What is binging in the context of eating disorders?
Binging refers to overeating in anorexia nervosa (perceived excessive intake) and actual over-consumption in bulimia.
What are purging behaviors in eating disorders?
Purging behaviors include vomiting, and the use of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas to expel food.
What are non-purging behaviors in eating disorders?
Non-purging behaviors involve excessive exercise or fasting to compensate for food intake.
What is the lifetime prevalence of anorexia nervosa?
The lifetime prevalence of anorexia nervosa is between 0.5% and 4%.
What are the key characteristics of anorexia nervosa?
Key characteristics include a pursuit of thinness, cognitive dysfunction, and a 56% higher suicide risk.
What medical complications are associated with anorexia nervosa?
Medical complications include electrolyte imbalance, amenorrhea, and bone loss.
What are the essential features of anorexia nervosa?
The essential features include significant food restriction, intense fear of weight gain, and body image disturbance.
How is Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated?
BMI is calculated as weight (kg) divided by height (m²).
What pharmacological treatments are used for anorexia nervosa?
Antidepressants, including tricyclics and SSRIs, are used to treat anorexia nervosa.
What psychotherapy approaches are used to treat anorexia nervosa?
Family-Based Therapy (FBT), CBT, and dynamic therapy are used in treating anorexia nervosa.
What are the different treatment settings for anorexia nervosa?
Treatment settings range from outpatient care to inpatient and residential care.
What are the possible treatment outcomes for anorexia nervosa?
Treatment outcomes vary; some individuals recover while others experience chronic symptoms.
What criteria warrant hospitalization for anorexia nervosa?
Hospitalization is necessary for severe weight loss, malnutrition, cardiac issues, suicidality, and family crisis.
What role does enmeshment play in anorexia nervosa?
Enmeshment, or a lack of boundaries, contributes to dysfunctional family dynamics that may exacerbate anorexia nervosa.
How do cognitive distortions affect individuals with anorexia nervosa?
Cognitive distortions lead to illogical beliefs about body image, food, and self-worth, exacerbating anorexia nervosa.
How is family-based therapy (FBT) used to treat anorexia nervosa?
FBT focuses on involving the family in the treatment process, helping to address enmeshment and support the patient’s recovery.
What are some signs that anorexia nervosa is chronic?
Chronic anorexia nervosa can result in long-term medical complications, such as bone loss and persistent body image disturbances.
How does low self-efficacy contribute to eating disorders?
Low self-efficacy can lead to a feeling of helplessness, making it difficult for individuals to resist urges to binge or restrict food.
What is the relationship between eating disorders and substance abuse?
Eating disorders often co-occur with substance abuse as a coping mechanism for emotional distress.
How does anxiety contribute to the development of eating disorders?
Anxiety disorders can lead to maladaptive coping mechanisms, such as restrictive eating or binging.
How does affective disorder (e.g., depression) relate to eating disorders?
Individuals with eating disorders may struggle with low mood and negative affect, contributing to their disordered eating behaviors.
What cultural factors contribute to eating disorders in adolescents?
Cultural pressures to diet, thinness ideals, and objectification can influence eating behaviors in adolescents.
How can dieting lead to eating disorders?
Excessive dieting and the focus on weight can lead to disordered eating patterns, such as restrictive eating or binging.
What is the impact of sexual abuse history on eating disorders?
A history of sexual abuse is a common risk factor for developing eating disorders, as it can contribute to body image issues and disordered eating behaviors.
How does the pursuit of thinness contribute to eating disorders?
The intense focus on achieving and maintaining a thin body can lead to restrictive eating and unhealthy weight control behaviors.
What is the relationship between obesity and eating disorders?
Obesity can co-occur with eating disorders, and disordered eating patterns can both contribute to and result from obesity.
What are the common signs of bulimia nervosa?
Bulimia nervosa often involves binging and purging, including vomiting, laxative use, and excessive exercise.
What is the difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?
Anorexia nervosa involves food restriction and fear of gaining weight, while bulimia nervosa involves binging and purging behaviors.
What role does serotonin play in bulimia nervosa?
Low serotonin levels are linked to bulimia, particularly in the regulation of appetite and mood.
What is the role of excessive exercise in eating disorders?
Excessive exercise is a non-purging behavior used to control weight and compensate for food intake in eating disorders.
How does body image disturbance contribute to eating disorders?
Distorted body image, where individuals perceive themselves as overweight despite evidence to the contrary, contributes to eating disorders.
What are some long-term medical consequences of eating disorders?
Long-term consequences include bone loss, cardiovascular issues, and gastrointestinal damage.
How does bulimia nervosa impact the digestive system?
Purging behaviors like vomiting can cause esophageal rupture, stomach damage, and electrolyte imbalances.
What is the relationship between eating disorders and low self-esteem?
Low self-esteem can drive individuals to focus on appearance and body weight, contributing to eating disorders.
How can eating disorders lead to suicidal behavior?
The emotional and physical toll of eating disorders, along with the cognitive distortions they cause, can increase the risk of suicide.
How can family therapy address the enmeshment in anorexia nervosa?
Family therapy can help establish boundaries, improve communication, and reduce enmeshment, aiding in recovery.
How do societal beauty standards affect eating disorder prevalence?
Societal beauty standards emphasizing thinness contribute to higher rates of eating disorders, particularly among young women.
How does anorexia nervosa affect menstrual cycles?
Anorexia nervosa can lead to amenorrhea, or the absence of menstruation, due to extreme weight loss.
How do family systems contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa?
Family systems with enmeshment, lack of boundaries, and poor communication can contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa.
What is “quasi-intimacy” in the context of anorexia nervosa?
“Quasi-intimacy” refers to poor family dynamics in which emotional needs are unmet, often leading to control through food.
What cognitive factor is linked to anorexia nervosa, according to Hilde Bruch?
Hilde Bruch highlighted that parents’ responses to hunger cues can influence cognitive distortions in anorexia nervosa.
What are the physical effects of severe malnutrition in anorexia nervosa?
Severe malnutrition in anorexia nervosa can lead to electrolyte imbalances, bone loss, and even organ failure.
How does excessive exercise relate to eating disorders?
Excessive exercise is a compensatory behavior in eating disorders, particularly bulimia and anorexia, to control weight.
What is the role of serotonin in the brain and eating disorders?
Serotonin plays a critical role in regulating mood, appetite, and impulse control, and low levels are associated with bulimia and anorexia.
How does cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) work for eating disorders?
CBT helps individuals identify and challenge cognitive distortions, changing unhealthy thought patterns and behaviors related to food.
What is the role of Family-Based Therapy (FBT) in treating anorexia nervosa?
FBT focuses on re-establishing healthy family dynamics, encouraging autonomy, and improving communication in the treatment of anorexia.
How does purging behavior affect the body, especially in bulimia nervosa?
Purging behaviors such as vomiting can cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and damage to the digestive system, including the teeth and esophagus.
What is the importance of early intervention in eating disorders?
Early intervention improves treatment outcomes by addressing disordered eating behaviors before they lead to long-term health consequences.
How do distorted beliefs about food contribute to anorexia nervosa?
Distorted beliefs, such as seeing food as a source of control or feeling guilt after eating, are key cognitive factors in anorexia nervosa.
What are some common psychological triggers for eating disorders?
Psychological triggers include stress, trauma, low self-esteem, and perfectionism, which can contribute to disordered eating.
How does anorexia nervosa affect mental health aside from food?
Anorexia nervosa is often accompanied by anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors, complicating treatment and recovery.
What role do genetics play in eating disorders?
Genetic factors may increase vulnerability to eating disorders, though environmental factors like family dynamics and societal pressures also play a major role.
What is the role of medication in treating bulimia nervosa?
Medications such as SSRIs are often prescribed for bulimia nervosa to help regulate mood, reduce binge-purge cycles, and improve impulse control.
What are the challenges in diagnosing anorexia nervosa?
Diagnosing anorexia nervosa can be challenging due to the patient’s denial of their condition, and the focus on controlling food intake as a coping mechanism.
How does bulimia nervosa affect the cardiovascular system?
Bulimia nervosa can lead to heart issues, including arrhythmias, due to electrolyte imbalances caused by purging behaviors.
How does purging lead to gastrointestinal issues in eating disorders?
Purging can damage the digestive tract, causing conditions like esophageal rupture, constipation, and bloating.
What are the long-term effects of untreated anorexia nervosa?
Long-term effects include osteoporosis, infertility, and cardiovascular problems, often leading to chronic health issues.
What is the role of self-worth in eating disorders?
Individuals with eating disorders often tie their self-worth to appearance, weight, or food intake, leading to unhealthy behaviors.
How can weight stigma contribute to the development of eating disorders?
Societal emphasis on thinness and stigmatization of obesity can lead to disordered eating behaviors as individuals attempt to meet societal expectations.
What is the significance of body image distortion in eating disorders?
Body image distortion involves perceiving oneself as overweight or flawed, even when objective evidence shows otherwise, contributing to eating disorders.
How does family-based therapy differ from individual therapy in anorexia treatment?
Family-based therapy involves the family in the treatment process, helping them support the patient’s recovery, while individual therapy focuses on the individual’s personal issues.
What are some key risk factors for the development of eating disorders?
Key risk factors include a history of trauma, societal pressures, genetics, family dynamics, and pre-existing mental health conditions like anxiety or depression.
What is the relationship between eating disorders and emotional regulation?
Many eating disorders involve dysregulated emotions, with food and eating behaviors used as a way to cope with emotional distress.
How does culture contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa?
Cultural pressures, particularly the idealization of thinness, contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa by promoting restrictive eating behaviors.
What is the connection between eating disorders and perfectionism?
Perfectionism can drive individuals to set unrealistic standards for themselves, particularly related to body image, food intake, and weight.
What is the role of treatment setting in eating disorder recovery?
The treatment setting—whether outpatient, inpatient, or residential—impacts the level of care and support available, influencing recovery outcomes.
How does obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) overlap with eating disorders?
OCD symptoms, such as rigid control over food intake or compulsive exercising, can overlap with behaviors seen in eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia.
How do eating disorders impact hormonal functioning?
Eating disorders can disrupt hormone levels, leading to issues like amenorrhea (loss of menstruation) and infertility.
What psychological therapies are effective for bulimia nervosa?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) are effective in treating bulimia by helping individuals control binge-purge cycles.
How does society’s focus on dieting influence eating disorders?
Society’s constant focus on dieting and weight loss can lead to disordered eating behaviors, particularly in individuals vulnerable to eating disorders.
What is the relationship between eating disorders and impulsivity?
Impulsivity is common in eating disorders, particularly in bulimia nervosa, where individuals may act impulsively to alleviate negative emotions through food consumption or purging.
What is a common medical complication in bulimia nervosa?
A common medical complication of bulimia nervosa is electrolyte imbalance, which can lead to heart problems or even death.
How can trauma history influence eating disorders?
Trauma, especially sexual abuse, can significantly increase the risk of developing eating disorders as individuals may use food to cope with emotional pain.
What are the risks associated with excessive use of weight loss drugs?
Excessive use of weight loss drugs, particularly those not prescribed by a doctor, can cause serious health issues, including heart problems and gastrointestinal damage.
How does anorexia nervosa affect bone health?
Anorexia nervosa can lead to decreased bone density, making individuals at higher risk for fractures and osteoporosis.
What is the role of positive family dynamics in anorexia treatment?
Positive family dynamics, including good communication, healthy boundaries, and support, are essential in the recovery process for anorexia nervosa.
How does binge eating disorder (BED) differ from bulimia nervosa?
Binge Eating Disorder (BED) involves episodes of overeating without the purging behaviors seen in bulimia nervosa.
What is the relationship between eating disorders and gastrointestinal issues?
Eating disorders like bulimia and anorexia can lead to gastrointestinal issues such as constipation, bloating, and damage to the digestive system.
How does CBT help with the emotional aspects of eating disorders?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) helps individuals identify and challenge emotional triggers for disordered eating and develop healthier coping mechanisms.
