OCD and Related Disorders Flashcards
What is the main brain dysfunction involved in OCD?
OCD involves communication problems between the orbital cortex and basal ganglia, which rely on serotonin.
What percentage of the population is affected by OCD annually?
1-2% of the population is affected annually.
What is the lifetime prevalence of OCD?
The lifetime prevalence of OCD is about 3%.
By what age do 30% of people with OCD develop symptoms?
30% of individuals with OCD develop symptoms by age 15.
By what age do 80% of individuals with OCD develop symptoms?
80% of individuals with OCD develop symptoms by age 24.
What is the typical course of OCD?
OCD is typically chronic, with symptoms fluctuating in severity.
What is the comorbidity rate for depression in individuals with OCD?
Over 50% of individuals with OCD also experience major depression.
In what percentage of OCD cases are obsessions and compulsions present?
Obsessions and compulsions are present in 85% of OCD cases.
What are obsessions in OCD?
Obsessions are persistent, intrusive thoughts, impulses, or images that cause anxiety.
How do individuals with OCD typically perceive their obsessions?
Individuals with OCD recognize that their obsessions are illogical but are unable to control them.
How do compulsions provide relief in OCD?
Compulsions provide temporary relief from the anxiety caused by obsessions, reinforcing the cycle.
Are compulsions in OCD pleasurable?
No, compulsions are not pleasurable but are performed to alleviate anxiety.
What is hoarding disorder?
Hoarding disorder involves persistent accumulation of possessions leading to clutter and impaired functioning.
What is trichotillomania?
Trichotillomania is a compulsive hair-pulling disorder, often with associated rituals.
What is excoriation disorder?
Excoriation disorder involves repetitive skin-picking resulting in wounds.
What should be ruled out in excoriation disorder?
Causes like cocaine use or scabies should be ruled out.
What is body dysmorphic disorder?
Body dysmorphic disorder involves obsessive focus on perceived physical flaws, leading to compulsive behaviors.
What is substance/medication-induced OCD?
OCD symptoms triggered by substances such as cocaine or medications.
What combination of therapies is most effective in treating OCD?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) paired with Exposure Therapy is the most effective treatment approach.
What is a key advantage of behavior therapy in OCD treatment?
Behavior therapy has long-term benefits, even after treatment ends, unlike medications.
What is the primary class of medication used to treat OCD?
Antidepressants, particularly SSRIs, are primarily used to treat OCD.
What is the focus of cognitive therapy in treating OCD?
The focus is on addressing distorted beliefs that contribute to OCD symptoms.
What is the first-line pharmacological treatment for OCD?
SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) are the first-line treatment for OCD.
What is Clomipramine, and how is it used in OCD treatment?
Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used in treating OCD, typically in doses of 150-250 mg/day.
What is the typical dosage range for Fluoxetine (Prozac) in OCD treatment?
The typical dosage range for Fluoxetine (Prozac) is 20-80 mg/day.
What is the typical dosage range for Paroxetine (Paxil) in OCD treatment?
The typical dosage range for Paroxetine (Paxil) is 20-60 mg/day.
What is the typical dosage range for Sertraline (Zoloft) in OCD treatment?
The typical dosage range for Sertraline (Zoloft) is 50-200 mg/day.
What is the typical dosage range for Fluvoxamine (Luvox) in OCD treatment?
The typical dosage range for Fluvoxamine (Luvox) is 100-300 mg/day.
How long does it take for OCD medications to show an initial response?
Initial response is typically seen in 4-8 weeks.
How long does it take for OCD medications to show maximum response?
Maximum response is typically seen in over 12 weeks.
What is the typical symptom improvement rate with OCD medications?
Medications typically provide 35-60% improvement in symptoms.
What is the role of serotonin in OCD?
Serotonin helps regulate mood and information processing, and low levels are thought to contribute to OCD.
What neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the brain dysfunction of OCD?
Serotonin is primarily involved in the brain dysfunction associated with OCD.
What is the gender distribution for OCD?
OCD affects men and women equally across various ethnicities.
What is the ethnic distribution for OCD?
OCD affects individuals equally across different ethnic groups.
What is the relationship between OCD and depression?
Over 50% of people with OCD also experience major depression.
What are the common behaviors associated with compulsions in OCD?
Common compulsive behaviors include washing, checking, counting, or repeating actions.
What is the primary focus of treatment for OCD-related disorders?
Treatment typically focuses on reducing compulsive behaviors and addressing the anxiety associated with obsessions.
What role does Exposure Therapy play in treating OCD?
Exposure Therapy helps individuals confront their fears in a controlled manner to reduce anxiety and compulsions.
How does CBT work in the treatment of OCD?
CBT helps individuals recognize and challenge distorted thoughts and beliefs that fuel OCD symptoms.
What is a potential side effect of SSRIs used in OCD treatment?
Potential side effects include nausea, sleep disturbances, and sexual dysfunction.
What is the role of the basal ganglia in OCD?
The basal ganglia are involved in controlling behaviors and are thought to malfunction in OCD.
What is a behavioral technique often used in treating OCD?
Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), a form of CBT, is commonly used in treating OCD.
What is the function of compulsive behaviors in OCD?
Compulsive behaviors are performed to temporarily alleviate the anxiety caused by obsessions.
How does negative reinforcement play a role in OCD?
Negative reinforcement occurs when compulsions reduce anxiety, reinforcing the behavior.
What is one treatment approach for hoarding disorder?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is commonly used to treat hoarding disorder.
What is the relationship between body dysmorphic disorder and OCD?
Both involve obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors, but body dysmorphic disorder focuses on perceived physical flaws.
How does the brain’s orbital cortex contribute to OCD?
The orbital cortex is involved in processing information and may malfunction in individuals with OCD.
What is a characteristic of the compulsions in OCD?
Compulsions are repetitive and rigid, performed in response to intrusive thoughts.
How does trichotillomania differ from OCD?
Trichotillomania specifically involves compulsive hair-pulling, while OCD includes a variety of compulsive behaviors.
What is the main focus of medication in treating OCD?
Medication primarily aims to balance serotonin levels and alleviate symptoms of OCD.
How can tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) help in OCD treatment?
TCAs, like Clomipramine, help by increasing serotonin levels and are used in treating OCD.
How does excoriation disorder relate to OCD?
Excoriation disorder shares the compulsive behavior aspect of OCD, but focuses on skin-picking.
How does CBT help individuals with OCD?
CBT helps by challenging irrational thoughts and reducing the reliance on compulsive behaviors.
What is a long-term treatment benefit of behavior therapy for OCD?
Behavior therapy has lasting effects even after the treatment ends.
What is the focus of exposure in exposure therapy for OCD?
The focus is to expose individuals to feared situations or thoughts without performing compulsions.
How does serotonin affect OCD symptoms?
Low serotonin levels are thought to contribute to the development of OCD symptoms.
What is the purpose of exposure therapy in treating OCD?
To help individuals gradually face feared situations, reducing the need for compulsions.
How can medications for OCD improve quality of life?
Medications help reduce anxiety and compulsions, allowing individuals to function better in daily life.
What is a common feature of OCD-related disorders?
They all involve repetitive behaviors or mental acts aimed at reducing distress caused by intrusive thoughts.
What are the benefits of combining medication and therapy for OCD?
Combining both approaches provides more effective and long-lasting symptom management.
How do SSRIs affect serotonin levels in the brain?
SSRIs increase serotonin availability in the brain, helping to alleviate OCD symptoms.
What is the goal of ERP (Exposure and Response Prevention) in OCD treatment?
The goal is to prevent compulsive behaviors after exposure to anxiety-provoking thoughts or situations.
What should be ruled out before diagnosing excoriation disorder?
Potential causes like cocaine use or scabies should be ruled out before diagnosing excoriation disorder.
What is the difference between OCD and body dysmorphic disorder?
OCD involves a variety of intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors, while body dysmorphic disorder is focused on perceived physical flaws.
What is a key characteristic of compulsions in OCD?
Compulsions are repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety caused by obsessions.
Does the brain’s orbital cortex contribute to OCD?
The orbital cortex is involved in processing information and may malfunction in individuals with OCD.
What is the goal of ERP (Exposure and Response Prevention) in OCD treatment?
The goal is to reduce compulsive behaviors by preventing individuals from performing their usual rituals.
How do rituals in OCD relate to compulsions?
Rituals are repetitive actions performed to alleviate anxiety caused by obsessions, which are compulsions.
