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Substance Abuse UTF8 Flashcards

1
Q

Mental Health is

A

a state of successful mental functioning, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships, and the ability to adapt to change and cope with adversity

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2
Q

Substance Related d/o is divided in two groups

A

Substance Use disorder and Substance Induced d/o

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3
Q

What comes with Substance Use d/o?

A

Intoxication v Withdrawal

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4
Q

What comes with Substance Induced d/o?

A

Depression v Psychotic d/o

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5
Q

Experimentation with drugs begins

A

during adolescence, preadolescence (9-12 yo)

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6
Q

Pre-teen consume drugs by

A

huffing household products

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7
Q

Teens consume drugs by

A

experimenting with ETOH or marijuana

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8
Q

Young adults consume drugs by

A

doing everything and drop-off what doesn’t work for them

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9
Q

Geriatric consume drugs by

A

Prescription anxiolytics, narcotic opioids, ETOH

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10
Q

Socioeconomics and drugs

A

poor does crack cocaine, cost $10; rich have choice with money to blow

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11
Q

Psychiatric Co-morbidity

A

60-70% of drugees have psych issue

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12
Q

Substance Use example

A

drink margarita

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13
Q

Substance Abuse

A

repeated use of a psychoactive substace; to use wrongfully or in a harmful way; improper treatment or conduct that may result in injury; recurrent substance use resulting in failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, home, etc.

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14
Q

Substance Dependence

A

has a compulsive or chronic requirement. The need is so strong as to generate distress (either physical or psychological) if left unfulfilled; Compulsive repetitive use of a psychoactive substance resulting in tolerance to the drug’s effects and withdraw

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15
Q

Substance Tolerance

A

A user who develops a tolerance to the rewarding properties of the abused drug must take increasingly higher amounts to get the desired effect; here the drug takes over

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16
Q

Substance Intoxication

A

A reversible substance-specific syndrome caused by ingestion of or exposure to a particular substance; a physical and mental state of exhiliration and emotional frenzy or lethargy and stupor

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17
Q

Substance Withdrawal

A

An uncomfortable syndrome that occurs when tissue and blood levels of the abused substance decrease in a person who has used that substance heavily over a prolonged period; the physiological meantal readjustment of an addictive substance

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18
Q

Predisposing Factors

A

genetic predisposition/addictive personality; property of certain drugs/crack coccain meth go straight to rewward center of brain; peer pressure; emotional distress; environmental factors/college

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19
Q

Asian have a reduced risk for

A

alcoholism

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20
Q

Neurobiological theory propose chronic exposure to drugs leads to

A

biological and cellular adaptation

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21
Q

Neurobiological theory also says genes influence

A

hormones contributing to sensitivity to peer pressure

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22
Q

Social and Psychological Theory says adolescents and young adults take drugs to

A

preserve childhood and avoid dealing with adult conflicts and responsibilities

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23
Q

11 classes of psychoactive drugs are

A
  1. alcohol 2. amphetamines 3. caffeine 4. cannabis 5. cocaine 6. hallucinogens 7. Inhalants 8. nicotine 9. opioids 10. Phencyclidine (PCP) 11. Sedative hypnotics and anxiolytics/barbituate phenobarbital
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24
Q

hallucinogens are

A

naturally occuring (peyote, Psilocybin mushrooms, morning glory seed, datura/hell’s bells) OR synthetic compounds (LSD, XTC)

25
hallucinogen street names
acid, angel dust, ecstacy, XTC, Special K, Vitamin K, kit kat
26
hallucinogen trade names
LCD, PCP, ketamine
27
Phencyclidine PCP (hallucinogen) is
a diassociative drug; makes the user disconnect and out of control/yelling for hours; has a numbing effect on the mind and can cause unpredictable violent behavior/animalistic/primitive; distorted sense of sight, hearing and touch; NO ANTIDOTE
28
Phencyclidine PCP (hallucinogen) treatments
NO ANTIDOTE; 5-10mg diazepam/valium/benazepril via IV; haloperidol/haldol/antischizo/ or chlorpromazine/phenothiazine for psychosis; be ready for respiratory arrest, T > 105 F and need for restraints
29
Opioid (Downer)
CNS depressant, sedative effect, provide analgesia
30
Opioid (Downer) Street Names
snow, perkies, dollies, doctors, lords, horse, morph
31
Opioid (downer) trade names
heroin, morphine, codeine, dilauded, demorol, perodan, opium
32
Opioid (Downer) Intoxication s/s
constricted pupils, slurred speech, sweating, clammy skin, visible needle marks, hypotension, dysrrythmias, drowsiness, decreased LOC; can lead to respiratory depression, coma, death
33
Opioid (Downer) Withdrawal s/s
dilated pupils, anxiety, n/v, abdominal cramps, rhinorrhea, yawning, sneezing, piloerection/goose bumps, irritability, PANIC
34
Opioid (Downer) Treatment
treat the specific s/s; airway and ventilation, antidiarrheal, decongestants, non-opioid analgesic; clonidine/catapres (alpha2 agonist hypotensive)
35
Alcohol (Downer) is
legal; affects 10-17 million people; decreases lifespan by 10-12 yrs
36
Alcohol (Downer) Intoxication s/s
blood alcohol level 0.08-0.10%; slurred speech; incoordination; unsteady gait; impairement in attention or memory; stupor
37
Alcohol (Downer) Withdrawal s/s
starts in 4-12 hrs from last drink/stopping/reducing (approach pt from front/use clear short directives); motor impairment (malaise/weakness); sleep disturbance; Appetite; GI symptoms (n/v); Confusion; tremors; tachycardia, sweating, HTN, anxiety, depress
38
Delirium Tremens d/t Alcohol (downer) s/s
"if they start to flick spiders off of them, it's coming"; Onset 24-72 hrs from last drink/stopping/reducing; visual hallucinations; seizure; fearful; confused; disoriented
39
Alcohol (downer) treatment
fluid administration; IV glucose; magnesium sulfate for seizure; chlordiazepoxide librium, diazepam valium; antiemetics; antidiarrheal; antipsychotics
40
Alcohol (downer) Aversion Therapy involves
daily dose of Disulfiram Antabuse to prevent compulsive drinking; ingestion of minimal amount results in flushed skiin throbbing HA, neck pain, dyspnea, diaphoresis, n/v, tachycardia/palpitation, hypotension, syncope, weakness, blurred vision, vertigo and
41
Alcohol (downer) other drug options
Naltrexone ReVia opioid receptor antagonist; Acomprosade Campral glutamine receptor blocker/GABA receptor agonist; any combinations of therapy
42
Alcohol (downer) therapy options
12-step program; counseling; group tx; support; drug tx
43
Alcohol (downer) PC
cardiomyopathy r/t CHF or arrhythmia, esophageal varices/taste blood r/t portal HTN; GI bleed r/t erosion of stomach wall and damage to blood vessels; pancreatitis lead to DM and malnutrition; seizure d/o; depression; Wernicke's encephalopathy/thiamine de
44
Alcohol (downer) Nsg Dx
Ineffective breathing pattern; decreased cardiac output, anxiety, ineffective coping, acute confusion, ineffective role performance
45
Alcohol (downer) Nsg Interventions
nonthreatening approach; continuous monitoring; VS and UO; prevent violence to self or others; seizure precautions
46
Alcohol (downer) street name
booze, alcohol, liquor, drinks, cocktails, moonshine, nightcaps, firewater, white lightning
47
Alcohol (downer) trade names
ethylalcohol ETOH, beer, gin, rum, vodka, bourbon, whiskey, liqueurs, wine, brandy, sherry, champagne
48
4 examples of stimulants
amphetamine, cocaine, caffeine, nicotine
49
Stimulant intoxication s/s
tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, hyperthermia, dilated pupils
50
Cocaine stimulant treatment
VS, propanolol/inderal to lower BP, tremors, angina; IV fluids replacement/nutritional vitamins, antianxiety meds, sedatives
51
Cocaine (stimulant) Withdrawal s/s
depression, anxiety, irritability, strong cravings for more cocaine (can't teach with strong cravings)
52
Cocaine (stimulant) street names
coke, crack, flake, snow
53
Cocaine (stimulant) trade name
cocaine hydrocholride
54
Amphetamine (stimulant)
is a powerful CNS stimulant; increases the release of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin; "Rush or High" come from high levels of dopamine that affect pleasure center of brain; reduces appetite and awareness of body needs; users become obsessed or pe
55
Amphetamine (stimulant) Intoxication s/s
Euphoria r/t dopa; hyperactive, HTN, Temp > 105; diaphoresis; tremors; seizures; AMS; psychotic d/o; arrhythmia, HF, cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, coma, death
56
Amphetamine (stimulant) withdrawal s/s
CNS depression, hallucination, overstimulation, long periods of sleep for days, apathy and depression; suicide attempt
57
Amphetamine (Stimulant) treatments
tx the s/s; AIRWAY mgmt; fluid resuscitation; arrhythmia tx; GASTRIC LAVAGE, activated charcoal; cooling measures for T > 105F
58
Amphetamine (stimulant) street names
meth, speed
59
Amphetamine (stimulant) trade name
Ritalin

Psurg (15 decks)

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